_ __ _____ __ _ __ ___ ____ _ __ ___ ' ) / / ') / / ) ' ) ) / ) / ' ) ) / ) / / / / / / /--/ / / / ___ / / / / ___ (_(_/ (__/ ( / (_ / (_ (___/ '__/_ / (_ (___/ ' O ( N A T I V E A M E R I C A N ) O o O ____ _ , ___ _ , ___ O o O / ' ) / / ) ' ) / / ' O o o o o O / /-< / /--/ /-- VOLUME 01, ISSUE 020 O o O __/_ / ) (___/ / ( (___, 7 August 1993 O o O ( N E W S ) O This issue contains articles from NATIVE_L/NATCHAT Lists and by members of the Invisible Band. <----<<<< >>>>----> This newsletter is a way of keeping the brothers and sisters of the Invisible Band and those who share our spirit informed about current events within the lives of those who walk the Red Road. It is hoped that our presence will be rewarded with a Native American RoundTable on GEnie. It is archived at the Native American FTP site ftp.cit.cornell.edu in the directory /pub/special/NativeProfs/newsletter; and is being sent to gst@gnosys.svle.ma.us (Gary S. Trujillo) should he wish to include it in his NATIVE_L or NATCHAT lists. "Let him be just and deal kindly with my people, for the dead are not powerless. Dead - I say? There is no death. Only a change of worlds." -- Chief Seattle, Dwamish O'siyo Brothers and Sisters! Wotanging Ikche continues to flower with articles from within the Invisible Band. Accordingly, I have begun porting a digest of news from Internet newsgroup soc.culture.native to library 26 of the Internet RoundTable on page 1405. Those who desire a more complete picture of what is happening throughout the world of indigenous people, especially Native Americans, should consider capturing these digests. Mitaquye Oyasin! Night Owl ------------------ clip here for news feature -- 8< ----------- --------- "RE: Choctaw Library" --------- From: um.cc.umich.edu!Tristine.Lee.Smart Subj: Choctaw Library Mailing List: NATIVE-L (native-l@gnosys.svle.ma.us) Source: Society for American Archaeology Bulletin 11(3):14 (1993) REQUEST FOR DONATIONS. In 1986, the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians' high school library burned to the ground resulting in the complete loss of a rather extensive library of Southeastern and North American Indian material. The tribe has finally received funding for a new library which will be completed during the summer of 1993. Included in this building is a Cultural Resource Area with an archival vault and space for a non-lending Native American research library which will be open to all tribal members, particularly the students. Unfortunately, very little money was included in the funding for materials to place in this facility. Therefore, we are requesting donations of material for the Culture Resource Area. Materials sought include both anthropological and historical literature on the Choctaw, specifically, and other Southeastern and North American Indians in general, as well as historical research material on the Southeast. All donations are tax deductible. For more information please contact: Kenneth H. Carleton, Tribal Archaeologist, P.O. Box 6005, Choctaw Branch, Philadelphia, MS 39350, (601) 656-5251 --------- "RE: Tsalagi burial site uncovered" --------- From: S.FISHER2 Sharon D Fisher Subj: Tsalagi burial site uncovered GE Electronic Mail The Atlanta Journal/Constitution, by Staff Writer John Harmon. 400 Years of Cherokee Life Archaeologist says site may rewrite region's history By John Harmon Staff Writer Young Harris, Ga - The discovery of a Cherokee burial pit near here confirms what is being called one of the most significant archaeological sites ever found in the North Georgia mountains, where little is known about inhabitants before white settlers, officials said Friday. A member of an archaeological team contracted to explore the site of a planned state-owned golfing resort unearthed the pit Thursday as part of work ongoing since February. While the team is now concentrating on a Cherokee settlement that is thought to be 200 to 400 years old, it has already found evidence of a series of Native American habitations dating back some 10,000 years. "We're going to be able to rewrite the history of this region," said Hal Gard, field director for New South Associates, a private archaeological firm doing the $450,000 study. "The human remains affirm the significance of this site. We already knew it was important." The find of a skeleton also triggers new state laws that protect cemeteries and burial grounds from wanton destruction. Meanwhile, the pit is under 24- hour guard to prevent looting. Before the remains, and any others that may be found at the site, can be excavated, the state Department of Natural Resources (DNR), which oversees the new park, must come up with a plan detailing how the bones will be handled, including any provisions for re burial. The plan must include input from the Georgia Council on American Indian Concerns, which was just sworn in Thursday, on how to handle such matters. Also, DNR must contact Cherokee descendants. "If at all possible, I want to leave those remains alone," said DNR Commissioner Joe Tanner. "But if we have to excavate the remains, I would like them to be re interred at the site." Both Mr. Tanner and officials with Stormont Trice Corp., which has the contract to build and operate the $24.7 million resort, say the course could be redesigned to protect the site. Though the full picture will not be revealed until months of lab work are completed, Mr. Gard said archaeologists already know something of life led by the person whose bones were found. Living along the cool waters of Brasstown Creek, the Cherokee grew corn, beans, and squash in the rich soil. They smoked fish and game in pits and sometimes built smoky fires with corn cobs to ward off mosquitoes. I found this article to be very interesting, and was gratified to learn that the people involved want to protect the site as much as possible. That's so very unusual in this day and age, and it made me feel good to read that. Mitaquye Oyasin, Sherry --------- "RE: TONY RIOS:The Genocide of Native American Youth" --------- From: Joseph.V.Kelly.Jr@dartmouth.edu (Jacqueline F. Keeler) Subj: TONY RIOS:The Genocide of Native American Youth Mailing List: NATIVE-L (native-l@gnosys.svle.ma.us) TONY RIOS LAKOTA 15 Years Old On July 30, 1992, Tony Rios was attacked by a 34 year old white man while volunteering his time at the Cornerstone Rescue Mission. The man, Randy Bettenhausen, was allegedly fatally stabbed as Tony tried to retreat in panic. Tony was arrested only to be railroaded through the same juvenile system his mother, Thelma Rios had initiated an investigation against. After months of psychological and emotional abuse, he was tried as an ADULT and convicted by an all white jury of first degree manslaughter, despite eye-witness testimony that he acted in self-defense. Help Save Tony Rios! Stop the Systematic Genocide of Our Youth! Thelma Rios (605) 341-5468 Alliance of Native Americans (310) 828-9514 --------- "RE: POLITICAL PRISONERS:South Dakota" --------- From: Jacqueline.F.Keeler@Dartmouth.edu (Jake) Subj: POLITICAL PRISONERS:South Dakota Mailing List: NATIVE-L (native-l@gnosys.svle.ma.us) POLITICAL PRISONER UPDATE TONY RIOS - On Friday March 20, 1992 in Rapid City, South Dakota, at the Pennington County Courthouse, Judge Merton Tice sentenced Tony to 8 years in the State Correctional Facility for the assault charges. Following that he will serve 6 months county jail time which will be suspended when they credit him for time already served. After that he will have 20 years of probation during which time he can still be forced to serve a life sentence if any parole violations occur. Tony was transported from Pennington County Courthouse immediately after sentencing, without even being able to speak to his mother. CHRIS BALD EAGLE - For the past 14 months Chris has been held in Pennington County Jail for charges that were previously dismissed by the Oglala Sioux Tribal Court. He is currently on a hunger strike to protest the injustices within the South Dakota judicial system and the unfair legal representation by court appointed attorneys. On Sunday, March 15, 1991 after visiting with Chris at Pennington County Jail, four of his family members, including his grandmother were killed when their car was struck by an oncoming vehicle that exploded on impact. Chris immediately petitioned the court for permission to go home for his family's funerals. A judge granted his request, but when Oglala Sioux Tribal Police came to Rapid City to escort him back home, U.S. Marshalls intervened and convinced the judge to reverse his decision. This latest injustice has left Chris with the conviction to continue his fasting until his life is over or changes within the legal system are brought about. THE RED NATIONS NEWSPAPER will feature future articles about Tony and Chris, as well as the other events and injustices unfolding within the Rapid City legal system. At this time, the Alliance of Native Americans and the Rios family are working with a prominent Chicago law firm that is planning to appeal Tony's case on a pro bono basis as long as money can be raised to cover travel expenses. This appeal is important not only to Tony but to all of the political prisoners within the state of South Dakota. Reprinted at the personal behest of Thelma Rios, mother of Tony Rios. --- Jacqueline.F.Keeler@Dartmouth.edu --------- "RE: Telling of a joyous gathering" --------- From: A.PARSONS3 Ann K. Parsons Subj: The telling of a joyous gathering GE Electronic Mail O'Siyo friends, Have you ever wondered what plans The Great Spirit has for you? Sometimes His way is unclear, hidden from us all. Sometimes, however, His way is clear before us, and we know that what we do is blessed by Him. Such a time has befallen members of the IB who are coming together to a purpose not quite shown to us, but the mere fact that we have been brought together is reason enough to not question His will in our lives. This is how it happened; the story not being finished but ongoing, growing like a tree. On Tuesday Evening, July 27th, four members of the IB met in person! It was a warming experience to meet with people one had corresponded with over the modem. Al and Carolyn Morton, Bill Beckwith and I met for dinner at a local Chinese restaurant. The food was great! However, it was the company that "made" the dinner. We talked of many things, but most of all about our hopes for the coming year. Bill is moving to Lyons, a small town near Rochester, NY. He was called by his church to preach at a small church in this town. Apparently, this kind of "call" comes rarely, and the speed with which the appointment has been expedited is astonishing.The Mortons and I live here in the Rochester area. We are excited about the possibility of starting a band of our own, should we get enough people. Bill mentioned that he had visited with Grandmother Yehwenode, a Seneca elder of great knowledge and wisdom, who is just recovering from a hip operation, due to a fall. He says, with a smile, that she is having to be held down. She is in her eighties, and is planning new teaching materials and a teaching weekend in October! Wow! Is this not wonderful! Is this not enough?! On Wednesday, July 28th, I received a call from Carolyn Morton to say that two more members of the IB, Karen Thomas and Earl Dunbar were going to have dinner at her house that evening, and could I join them? Again, we all spent a marvelous evening together, learning about each other and discussing all kinds of things from Native American culture/spirituality to camping. The Mortons and I listened in fascination as both Karen and Earl described their new plans for new jobs and new lives which would be started near the Rochester Area. Sisters and brothers, I ask you, do you know how rare this kind of overt intervention in our lives by The Great Spirit is? I am awed and fascinated and feel blessed by God to partake in such a joyous gathering of The Free Cherokee. Night Owl asked me if I would write this up for the Newsletter. I have done so. Praise Him The Almighty and The Grandfathers and Grandmothers who are His instruments to teach us His way!! Ann K. Parsons --------- "RE: Spirituality and the World" --------- From: locicero-joe@yale.edu (Joe LoCicero) Subj: Spirituality and the World Mailing List: NATCHAT (natchat@gnosys.svle.ma.us) OK. I've been reading these threads for a while now, and have wanted to stay out of it as much as possible, but something compels me to write this message... I've grown up amidst so many religious ideas that I feel as if I have no spiritual identity anymore. You name it, I've been exposed to it (or so that's how I feel!) However, I am now trying to truly identify myself with one single set of beliefs, be they religious or not. It's hard to just sit down and "work out" what you believe in or not...but all the same, I feel as if that's what I must do to feel at peace with myself. Yet here I see people posting that certain religious beliefs/ceremonies /spiritualities are not, how shall I put it, appropriate for certain races of people. (Please, let's not haggle over whether or not the concept of 'race' truly exists. I'm just using the term because I can't think of a better descriptor. :] ) So, as I'm trying to explore my own beliefs, and finally set them straight after 19 1/2 years of confusion, am I *NOT* supposed to consider certain beliefs or religions because if I were to believe in them I'd be angering a group of people? I'm not trying to tie this in with any of the previous discussion threads here. I don't want to talk about some Beverly Hills housewife, or NASA employees, or anything related to the specific arguments that have been brought up in the past 100 messages or so. I'm only trying to work out something that is very personal, namely my own spirituality. This being soc.culture.native, I wanted to know if it is angering or displeasing to any of the Native American communities if others find that their (the NA's) beliefs ring close to their own independently arrived-upon conclusions. In other words, if I, through my own independent soul-searching, happen to arrive on a personal system of beliefs and a personal spirituality that is colored a great deal by NA spirituality, would I be angering or offending some or any NA groups? Finally, and this is only a hypothetical question, if one was to feel that adopting a whole system of beliefs from a certain tribe (NO specific tribe in mind) made the most sense, could this be deemed inappropriate? I realize that one cannot generalize comments about one NA tribe versus another. However, I am merely trying to understand EVERYONE's point of view...that's what soc.culture.native is all about, right? After having intensely studied many forms of ancient and modern mysticism in many religions worldwide, I'm trying to clarify my own thoughts, making sure that all I believe is true really *is*. However, I don't want to stomp (or even tread lightly) on anyone's spiritual toes in this whole ordeal... hence my convoluted questions (I hope someone out there manages to under- stand them!) Finally, I'm curious as to how other people have been able to reconcile a past that consists of diversely varied religions, spiritual, and mystical backgrounds. Any perspectives would be appreciated; I'm only trying to act as a collector of knowledge and not as a perpetrator of ANY sort of violence, be it physical, mental, or spiritual (!). If anyone would like to email me a response, please do so through the address jolo@optik.eng.yale.edu. My standard locicero@yale.edu or locicero@minerva.cis.yale.edu account will be inactive for the next 2 weeks. Additionally, I'll have a hard time accessing the newsgroups over that time, as optik is a VMS machine...not my favorite by any stretch of the imagination. :] Thank you all for reading my words and for giving me a small portion of your time; I greatly appreciate it. I solemnly promise that I will let no one's opinion go unheard or unconsidered; I'm only trying to understand the world around me so that I may communicate with it better. Thank you all once again. Joseph Soaring Eagle LoCicero, IV --- PLEASE IGNORE MY STANDARD SIGNATURE BELOW --- --- MY MAILING ADDRESS FOR THE NEXT WEEK IS --- --- jolo@optik.eng.yale.edu. SORRY FOR THE --- --- INCONVIENCE. :] --- -- --------------------------------------------------------------------- -Joe LoCicero TEAM-OS/2 locicero@minerva.cis.yale.edu - --------------------------------------------------------------------- --------- "RE: AIM RESOLUTION" --------- From: Jacqueline.F.Keeler@Dartmouth.edu (Jake) Subj: AIM RESOLUTION Mailing List: NATIVE-L (native-l@gnosys.svle.ma.us) Reprinted without permission from Ward Churchill's _Fantasies of the Master Race_. +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ AIM RESOLUTION Sovereign Dine' Nation Window Rock, AZ May 11, 1984 WHEREAS the Spiritual wisdom which is shared by the Elders with the people has been passed to us through the Creation from time immemorial; and WHEREAS the Spirituality of Indian Nations is inseparable from the people themselves; and WHEREAS the attempted theft of Indian ceremonies is a direct attack and theft from Indian people themselves; and WHEREAS there has been a dramatic increase in the incidence of selling of Sacred ceremonies, such as the sweat lodge and the vision quest, and of Sacred articles, such as religious pipes, feathers, and stone; and WHEREAS these practices have been and continue to be conducted by Indians and non-Indians alike, constituting not only insult and disrespect for the wisdom of the ancients, but also exposing ignorant non-Indians to potential harm and even death through the misuse of these ceremonies; and WHEREAS the traditional Elders and Spiritual leaders have repeatedly warned against and condemned the commercialization of our ceremonies; and WHEREAS such commercialization has increased dramatically in recent years, to wit: - the representation of Cyfus McDonald, Osheana Fast Wolf, Brooke Medicine Ego, and Dyhani Ywahoo, all non-Indian women representing themselves as "Sacred Women," and who, in the case of Cyfus McDonald, have defrauded Indian people of Sacred articles; - A non-Indian woman going by the name of "Quanda" representing herself as a "Healing Woman" and charging $20 for sweat lodges; - Sun Bear and the so-called "Bear Tribe Medicine Society," who engage in the sale of Indian ceremonies and Sacred objects, operating out of the state of Washington, but traveling and speaking throughout the United States; - Wallace Black Elk and Grace Spotted Eagle, Indian people operating in Denver, Colorado, charging up to $50 for so-called "Sweat Lodge Workshops;" - A group of non-Indians operating out of Boulder, Colorado, and throughout the Southwest, and audaciously calling itself "Vision Quest, Inc.," thereby stealing the name and attempting to steal the concept of one of our most Spiritual ceremonies; THEREFORE, be it resolved that the Southwest AIM Leadership Conference reiterates the position articulated by our Elders at the First American Indian Tribunal held at D.Q. University, September 1982, as follows: Now to those who are doing these things, we send our third warning. Our Elders ask, "Are you prepared to take the consequences of your actions? You will be outcasts from your people if you continue these practices" . . .Now, this is another one. Our young people are getting restless. They are the ones who sought their Elders in the first place to teach them the Sacred ways. They have said they will take care of those who are abusing our Sacred ceremonies and Sacred objects in their own way. In this way they will take care of their Elders. WE RESOLVE to protect our Elders and our traditions, and we condemn those who seek to profit from Indian Spirituality. We put them on notice that our patience grow thin and they continue their disrespect at their own risk. --- Jacqueline.F.Keeler@Dartmouth.edu --------- "RE: True Type font for Inuktitut" --------- From: srini@ireq-num.hydro.qc.ca Subj: True Type font for Inuktitut (Amerindian Eskimo) language Mailing List: NATIVE-L (native-l@gnosys.svle.ma.us) INUIT100.ZIP Truetype font for Inuktitut (Amerindian Eskimo) The Amerindian Eskimo language called Inuktitut is spoken by about 100 000 Inuit people in Canada, Alaska and Greenland. It appears to be the only Amerindian language with a script of its own. The script is used mostly by Canadian Inuits. A new Canadian territory called Nunavut is to be formed in about a year. This appears to be the first available MSDOS/MAC Truetype font for Inuktitut language. The characters have been mapped to the IBM qwerty keyboard as follows. This may be non-standard. i pi ti ki gi mi ni si li ji vi ri qi ngi &i i p t k g m n s l j v r Zk @g I u pu tu ku gu mu nu su lu ju vu ru qu ngu &u u P T K G M N S L J V R ZK @G U a pa ta ka ga ma na sa la ja va ra qa nga &a a b d q f x o c e y w z Zq @f A p t k g m n s l j v r q ng & h B D Q F X O C E Y W Z ZQ @F H The font is copyrighted and is released as free for non-profit usage. The author will appreciate comments, suggestions and appreciation from individuals as well as organizations using this font. Please use regular mail and include an English translation. There are no guarantees of any kind and the user assumes full responsibility for its usage. K. Srinivasan, 1109 Rue Gaboury, St. Bruno, QC., J3V 5X4, Canada. [ Internet e-mail: srini@ireq-num.hydro.qc.ca ] August 1, 1993 The package is available at the following ftp sites. site (internet_number) directory ftp_mode -------------------------------------------------------------------------- wsmr-simtel20.army.mil (192.88.110.20) cd PD1: tenex oak.oakland.edu (141.210.10.117) cd /pub/msdos/WINDOWS3 binary wuarchive.wustl.edu (128.252.135.4) cd mirrors/msdos/WINDOWS3 binary nic.switch.ch (130.59.1.40) Switzerland cd mirrors/msdos/WINDOWS3 binary ftp.uu.net (137.39.1.9) Find out from the site nic.funet.fi (128.214.6.100) Finland Find out from the site src.doc.ic.ac.uk (146.169.3.7) UK Find out from the site archie.au (139.130.4.6) Australia Find out from the site Please use the site closest to you. Procedure to do ftp. Type the following. ftp anonymous your_own_e_mail_address cd PD1: or the appropriate cd... tenex or binary if appropriate get INUIT100.zip cd PD1: or cd ../zip get unz50p1.exe or any other un-zipping program bye You have to transfer these files to a IBM-PC MSDOS Disk in binary. Then type: unz50p1 unzip INUIT100.zip GO Then follow instructions on screen. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ If you do not have FTP access to SIMTEL20, files may be ordered by e-mail from LISTSERV@VM1.NODAK.EDU or LISTSERV@VM.ECS.RPI.EDU or LISTSERV@NDSUVM1.bitnet or LISTSERV@RPIECS.bitnet uunet!vm1.nodak.edu!listserv or uunet!vm.ecs.rpi.edu!listserv Send the following as the only content of your mail (Do not include signature) /PDGET MAIL PD:INUIT100.ZIP UUENCODE /PDGET MAIL PD:UNZ50P1.EXE UUENCODE [Or any other UNZIP/DEZIP] or GET PDGET HELP ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ** For BITNET users only : Mail Server Access Some lucky individuals have had success accessing the files at anonymous ftp sites using the BITNET ftp server at Princeton University. To find out more about this, send a one-line mail message containing the word HELP to one of the following addresses: bitftp@pucc.BITNET or bitftp@pucc.princeton.edu or ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com Help will be sent to you in the form of electronic mail. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. If you have difficulty doing ftp please ask your administrator. NOT ME. Before sending me e-mail please read this posting again. The answer is most often there already. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 2. If you have suggestions, criticism or anything concerning the software feel free to e-mail to me. Please do register if you use this software. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- K. Srinivasan, 1109 Rue Gaboury, St. Bruno, QC., J3V 5X4, Canada. [ Internet e-mail: srini@ireq-num.hydro.qc.ca ] ---------- "RE: Radio Tech Wanted" ---------- From: resystom@web.apc.org Subject: Radio Tech Wanted Mailing List: NATIVE-L (native-l@gnosys.svle.ma.us) JOB OPPORTUNITY Position: Northern radio technician Taqramiut Nipingat Inc. (TNI) has an opening for a qualified and highly motivated person to fill the job of Northern Radio Technician in Salluit, Quebec. TNI is the operator of the Inuit radio and television network in Arctic Quebec. Duties: * Carry out network and community radio repairs and maintenance; * Assist with shipping of equipment to and from Nunavik; * Assist with repairs in shop; * Provide technical training; * Help maintain inventories. Qualifications: * Experience in broadcast radio and satellite link maintenance; * Ability to work incross-cultural setting. Northern experience an asset; * Able to work with minimum supervision; * Creative and innovative; * Strong interest in and awareness of Nunavik region, culture and issues. Fluency in English and Inuttitut an asset. Starting date: As soon as possible. Salary: Cdn$35,000 to $45,000 plus housing and relocation allowance. Send applications to: Sean St. George Executive Director Taqramiut Nipingat Inc. 185 Dorval Ave., Suite 501 Dorval, Quebec H9S 5J9 Tel: (514) 631-1394 Fax: (514) 631-6258 ======================================== ---------- "RE: 1851 Treaty of Fort Laramie" ---------- From: Jacqueline.F.Keeler@Dartmouth.edu (Jake) Subj: 1851 Treaty of Fort Laramie Mailing List: NATCHAT (natchat@gnosys.svle.ma.us) THE 1851 TREATY OF FORT LARAMIE SIGNATORY RED INDIAN NATIONS NAKOTA - CHEYENNE - HIDATSA - LAKOTA - CROW ARAPAHO - DAKOTA - ARIKARA - MANDAN Prior to the 1850's, the Nine (9) Signatory Red Indian Nations to the 1851 TREATY OF FORT LARAMIE lived in peace and harmony along side of each other. Our Red Brother Indian Nations utilized the BLACK HILLS, BEAR BUTTE, GREY BUFFALO HORN AND OTHER SACRED SITES for millions of years for their Holy and Spiritual Purposes, with such unlimited and undisturbed use being unconditionally guaranteed through the 1851 TREATY OF FORT LARAMIE. With the threat of the encroaching whites, the Nine Red Indian Nations of the 1851 TREATY OF FORT LARAMIE were prompted to PROTECT, SECURE AND INSURE OUR TERRITORIAL HOMELANDS THROUGH THE SIGNING OF THE 1851 TREATY OF FORT LARAMIE. The Guarantees set forth and mandated by the 1851 TREATY OF FORT LARAMIE are UN DISPUTABLE, UN CONTROVERSIAL and DO NOT ALLOW FOR "RE-NEGOTIATION" Our sincere feelings and beliefs with regard to THE 1851 TREATY OF FORT LARAMIE - which is also known as "THE TREATY OF LONG MEADOWS" or, to the Cheyenne, "THE GREAT HORSE CREEK TREATY" are that: 1) IT IS A SACRED DOCUMENT, unanimously agreed upon by all nine Red Indian Nations during the September 17, signing, with the presence of the SACRED WHITE BUFFALO CALF PIPE of the Lakota/Dakota/Nakota, the FOUR SACRED ARROWS of the Cheyenne, as well as the SACRED BUNDLES of the other 5 Indian Nations of the 1851 TREATY; 2) IT IS A UNIFYING DOCUMENT, with Nine Red Indian Nations UNIFYING TO PROTECT THEIR TERRITORIAL HOMELANDS as defined in the 1851 TREATY OF FORT LARAMIE - WITH THE CENTER AND VERY HEART OF THOSE TERRITORIES BEING THE SACRED BLACK HILLS REGION; 3) IT BINDS THE U.S. GOVERNMENT TO HONOR THE 1851 TREATY OF FORT LARAMIE - as is mandated through ARTICLE VI OF THEIR U.S. CONSTITUTION, which states explicitly that ". . . TREATIES MADE WITH INDIAN NATIONS ARE THE SUPREME LAW OF THE LAND .," which not even 'adverse U.S. Supreme Court "rulings"' can legally affect; 4) ALL SO-CALLED "ACTS, TREATIES OF AGREEMENTS" CONCOCTED AFTER SEPTEMBER 17, 1851 CONTINUE TO VIOLATE THE SOLE LEGITIMATE 1851 TREATY OF FORT LARAMIE AND ARE TOTALLY ILLEGAL; 5) EACH OF THE NINE SIGNATORY RED INDIAN NATIONS PRESENT AT THE SIGNING OF THE 1851 TREATY OF FORT LARAMIE WERE PROPERLY REPRESENTED WITH THEIR PRINCIPAL CHIEFS AND HEADMEN, with the parents of the great medicine man TATANKA IYOTAKE (SITTING BULL) and the great war chief TASUNKA WITKO (CRAZY HORSE) present and witness to the signing of the 1851 TREATY OF FORT LARAMIE; 6) IT GUARANTEES THE NATURAL AND LEGAL RIGHTS OF THE NINE RED INDIAN NATIONS TO THEIR TERRITORIES AND HOMELANDS AS DEFINED IN THE 1851 TREATY OF FORT LARAMIE AND RELINQUISHES NOTHING. The U.S. Government continues to violate the 1851 TREATY OF FORT LARAMIE - and therefore their own U.S. Constitution - by continually attempting to create confusion and division among the signatory Red Indian Nations to that treaty. ARTICLE 3 OF THE 1851 TREAT OF FORT LARAMIE STATES, "THE UNITED STATES BIND THEMSELVES TO PROTECT THE AFORESAID INDIAN NATIONS AGAINST THE COMMISSION OF ALL DEPREDATIONS BY THE PEOPLE OF THE SAID UNITED STATES." DEPREDATION: WRONGS, PLUNDER, DEPRIVATION AS RED INDIAN NATIONS, WE MUST RE-AFFIRM OUR ALLIANCE WITH EACH OTHER THROUGH RE-AFFIRMING OUR ALLEGIANCE TO THE SOLE LEGITIMATE 1851 Treaty of Fort Laramie! --- Jacqueline.F.Keeler@Dartmouth.edu --------- "RE: Conferences and Powwows" --------- From: JANS Janet McNeely Subj: Upcoming conferences and powwows GE Electronic Mail = Powwows = August 20-22, ANNUAL O-SA-WAN POWWOW sponsored by Mascoutin Society of Chicagoland. The Wulf Farm on State Hwy 23, Marengo, IL Info: (708) 882-1644 August 21, AMERICAN INDIAN HOBBYIST POWWOW Flying W Ranch, Star Rt.2, Box 150, Tionesta, PA 16553 Info: (814) 463-7663 August 27-29, ANNUAL BALTIMORE POWWOW Baltimore, MD Info: (410) 675-3535 September 3-4, ANNUAL WEE-GITCHHIE-NE-ME-E-DIM POWWOW Leech lake Veterans Memorial Grounds, Cass lake, MN (218) 335-6960 September 10-12, 4th ANNUAL NATIVE AMERICAN POWWOW Rothwell Park, Moberly, MO Info: (816) 263-3009 September 11-12, 6th ANNUAL TRAIL OF TEARS POWWOW Trail of Tears Commemorative Park, Hopkinsville, KY Info: (502) 886-8033 September 11-12, NATIVE AMERICAN COMMUNITY POWWOW - Honoring Youth Route 63, Watertown, CT Info: (203) 720-1685