From gars@netcom.com Sat Jul 26 05:01:44 1997
Date: Tue, 8 Jul 1997 22:28:42 -0700
From: Gary Night Owl <gars@netcom.com>
To: Internet Recipients of Wotanging Ikche <gars@netcom.com>
Subject: Wotanging Ikche--nanews05.028

    _       __  _____  __   _ __    ___    ____  _ __    ___
   ' )   / / ')  /    /  ) ' )  )  /   )    /   ' )  )  /   )
    / / / /  /  /    /--/   /  /  / ___    /     /  /  / ___
   (_(_/ (__/  (    /  (_  /  (_ (___/ '__/_    /  (_ (___/ '        O
      ____   _    ,  ___   _    , ___                            O   o   O
       /    ' )  /  /   ) ' )  / /   '                         O     o     O
      /      /-<   /       /--/ /--    VOLUME 05, ISSUE 028   O o o     o o O
   __/_     /   ) (___/   /  ( (___,       12 July 1997        O     o     O
   KANOHEDA ANIYVWIYA        Otapi'sin  Atsinikiisinaakssin      O   o   O
  Es'te Opunvk'vmucvse  ni-mah-mi-kwa-zoo-min  Aunchemokauhettittea  O
                ( N A T I V E    A M E R I C A N   N E W S )
   This issue contains articles from NAT-FILM, H-Review, TN Indian Affairs,
     Triballaw & Native-L lists;Newsgroups: alt.native,soc.culture.native;
          UUCP email;   Settlers In Support of Indigenous Sovereignty
 
 Articles appearing have been previously posted for public dissemination
 and/or permission for inclusion has been secured.
 Letters of authorization are on file.  A list of those granting permission
 to repost their words in this issue are listed at the end of part A.
 I thank each of you for allowing your words to be shared with the people.
               <----<<<<                           >>>>---->
   This newsletter is a way of keeping the brothers and sisters who share our
 Spirit informed about current events within the lives of those who walk the
 Red Road.
  ++ It may be subscribed to via email by sending a request from your own
     internet addressable account to  gars@netcom.com
  ++ It is archived at http://www.nanews.org
 
   Thanks to Don Rayment ,don.rayment@uptowne.com, Wotanging Ikche/
   Kanoheda Aniyvwiya is being redistributed via a listserver.
   If you would like to receive Wotanging Ikche via the listserver,
   you can send a message to listserv@uptowne.com and include, in the
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   Thanks to Borries Demeler all _Wotanging_Ikche_ (part a) submissions
   to AISESnet are archived under AISESnet and can be accessed easily by
   World Wide Web:
       1994:   http://aises.uthscsa.edu/94_dis.html
       1995:   http://aises.uthscsa.edu/95_dis.html
       1996:   http://aises.uthscsa.edu/96_dis.html
       1997:   http://aises.uthscsa.edu/97_dis.html
   This is a searchable index to the AISESnet Discussion mailing list
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   issues for that year.
 
   "While I speak, be kind and patient.  I  have to speak for my people, who
    are numerous, and who rely upon me to follow the course which in the
    future will tend to their good.  The Plains are large and wide.  We are
    the children of the plains, it is our home, and the buffalo have been
    our food always."
   __ Chief Crowfoot, Blackfoot
 
 +- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -+
 |   Indian Pledge of Allegiance   |      The  Indian Pledge of Alleg-
 |                                 |      iance  was  first  presented
 | I pledge allegiance to my Tribe,|      on 2 December '93 during the
 |  to the democratic principles   |      opening  address of the Nat-
 |       of the Republic           |      ional Congress  of  American
 |  and to the individual freedoms |      Indian  Tribal-States Relat-
 |  borrowed from the Iroquois and |      ions Panel in Reno, NV. NCAI
 |      Choctaw Confederacies,     |      plans  distribution  of  the
 |  as incorporated in the United  |      Indian Pledge to all  Indian
 |       States Constitution,      |      Nations.
 |      so that my forefathers     |
 |   shall not have died in vain   |      Walk in Beauty!    Night Owl
 +- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -+
 
 O'siyo Brothers and Sisters!
 
   This week I had a message shared with me that was truly beautiful. It was
 sent by a young mixed-blood Blackfoot girl, who had been brought into a
 healing ceremony after physicians had given up on her.
 
   She lives in one of the many urban metro areas, but spoke only of how she
 looks at the clouds and finds the great turtle and other guides from stories
 she was given.  She speaks of how she steams up the shower, because it is as
 close to a sacred lodge as she can create in the city, and there she offers
 her prayers of thanks.
 
   I share this with you to remind you that our youth guard the portals of
 our future just as surely as we guard theirs.  Let this young girl rekindle
 your resolve to prepare a place for our youth.
 
   I have Jeff Armstrong <jarm@paulbunyan.net> to thank for the addition
 to the banner of Ojibwe words.  Jeff writes:
  Dear Gary:
  In response to your request, I received the following translation from a
  Leech Lake elder:
  ni-mah-mi-kwa-zoo-min  is Ojibwe for "we are talking about ourselves."
    I have worked about 3 years each with the Circle newspaper in
  Minneapolis and the Native American Press/Ojibwe News.
 
   I have stated many times it is always an honor to add words expressing
 the intent of this newsletter in any language of the First People of Turtle
 Island to the banner.   If the first page is all banner stating "News of/for
 The People" in Native tongues, it is far more beautiful and honorable than
 one pristine line in the language of the occupation forces.
 
   Thanks to Mike Wicks <mwicks@gte.net> for the following reminder:
 In Memory (with Respect and Honor)
 7.25.1975  Andrew Paul Stewart - nephew of AIM spiritual leader Leonard
            Crow Dog, killed by Goons on Pine Ridge.
            No investigation.
 
 Peace!  Night Owl
          , ,        Gary Night Owl                   gars@netcom.com
         (*,*)       P. O. Box 672168                 gars@nanews.org
         (`-')       Marietta, GA 30067, U.S.A.       gars@igc.apc.org
       ===w=w===                                      gars@bellsouth.net
                     Fax: 770-528-9643                gars@juno.com
 
 ----------- News of the people featured in this issue ----------
 Part A: Usenet and e-mail            Part B: NATIVE-L list
 - Peltier Medical Update             - Keweenaw Bay Update
 - Peltier: Oversight Hearings        - Researcher/Journalist Inquiry
 - Fort Belknap Tribes
 - Bear Lincoln Case Update
 - Canada's Racist Peacekeepers
 - Expert An Academic Fraud
 - Youth Oppose Treaty Process
 - Ojibway Elder Dies
 - WalMart to Desecrate Burial Site
 - Letter to WalMart
 - Lynch-Mob Canadian Colonialism
 - Review Project
 - Weavers and Cagers
 - Three NAJA Awards
 - A Hundred Years Ago
 - Poem: Young Child
 - Verse: Hawaiian Book of Days
 - Conferences and Powwows - offline
 
 --------- "RE: Peltier Medical Update" ---------
 
 Date: Thu, 3 Jul 97 08:18:24 GMT
 From: lpdc@idir.net (Peltier Defense Committee)
 Subj: Peltier Medical Update 7/3
 
   Newsgroups: alt.native,soc.culture.native
 
   The LPDC has learned that Leonard Peltier does NOT have any strain of the
 hepatitis virus. Some time ago, a physician's assistant told him that tests
 done months prior had been "misread" by the doctor who informed Leonard at
 that time that he was in fairly good health. This physician's assistant
 insisted that Leonard had hepatitis b and convinced him that the disease
 would kill him and that it was untreatable. This, of course, caused Leonard
 a great deal of mental and emotional anguish. NO NEW BLOOD TEST WAS ORDERED
 AT THAT TIME!
   Due to a tremendous amount of pressure by concerned citizens, a new blood
 test was finally ordered. 
   We may be glad to know that Leonard does not have this disease. But we
 must remember that prison staff continue to torture and harass him with
 false information, phone suspensions etc. That is why it is MOST IMPORTANT
 for ALL INVOLVED to continue to put pressure on the President to grant the
 clemency request. Also, we MUST continue to contact our elected
 representatives and urge them to support oversight hearings AND to voice
 that support to Senators Ben Nighthorse Campbell and Daniel Inouye.
   On October 21-22, the LPDC and LPFC will host a LOBBY CAMPAIGN in
 Washington, DC. We need YOU to join us there in visiting our elected
 officials, distributing important information and generating new support.
   For more information contact LPDC at 913-842-5774 or at lpdc@idir.net
 
 --------- "RE: Peltier: Oversight Hearings" ---------
 
 Date: Mon, 7 Jul 1997 04:56:13 -0800
 From: sisis@envirolink.org (S.I.S.I.S.)
 Subj: Peltier: Oversight Hearings
 
 :-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:Forwarded message:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:
 From: ishgooda@tdi.net
 Date: Sat, 05 Jul 1997 16:50:45 -0400
 
   I am assuming that you all received the letter that I forwarded yesterday
 from the LPDC, that stated that Leonard's hepatitis test results came back
 negative.  This is terrific news...but shows what type of mental torment
 that Leonard is subjected to, on a daily basis, by staff at Leavenworth
 Federal Penitentiary.
   The letter also contained a statement from Sen. Ben Nighthorse Campbell's
 aid that stated the Senator would "look into" oversight hearings.  "Looking
 into" the possibility of hearings is not enough.  These hearings must take
 place so that the FBI can be questioned and held accountable for their
 notorious actions against Leonard.
   Why must a country "of the people, by the people and for the people" have
 an organization that works so hard against the people?  Why have they spent
 the last 21 years covering their tracks on this one?  Even the prosecuting
 attorney in Leonard's case, Lynn Crook, stated "we don't know who killed the
 agents."
   The time for these oversight hearings is now.
   For those of you who have been busy writing, faxing, calling and emailing
 the white house...thank you.
   Below is a list of the members of the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs.
 I urge you all to contact these individuals and express your support of
 Congressional Oversight Hearings on Leonard's behalf.  Also keep the
 communication open between yourselves, the white house, the pardons office,
 your state senators and representatives.  Make them do their jobs!
   Former U.S. Attorney General Ramsey Clark recently addressed the Worldwide
 Clemency Conference in Tulsa, Oklahoma.  His words in support of Leonard were
 strong...but stronger still was his conviction to get Leonard out of prison.
  He told the people there to write, fax, phone, email, etc. Senator Ben
 Nighthorse Campbell and encourage him to call for these hearings.  Senator
 Campbell is the Chairman of the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs.
   Thank you for your support of Leonard.
 
 SENATE COMMITTEE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS MEMBERS.....
 Republicans:
 Ben Nighthorse Campbell...CO...Chairman...no email
 Frank H. Murkowski...AK...email@murkowski.senate.gov
 John McCain...AZ...Senator_McCain@mccain.senate.gov
 Slade Gorton...WA...no email
 Pete V. Domenici...NM...Senator_Domenici@domenici.senate.gov
 Craig Thomas...WY...Craig@thomas.senate.gov
 Orrin G. Hatch...UT...Senator_Hatch@hatch.senate.gov
 James Inhofe...OK...no email
 Democrats:
 Daniel K. Inouye...HI...Vice-Chairman...www.senate.gov/~inouye/webform.html
 Kent Conrad...ND...Senator@conrad.senate.gov
 Harry Reid...NV...Senator_Reid@reid.senate.gov
 Daniel K. Akaka...HI...no email
 Paul Wellstone...MN...Senator@wellstone.senate.gov
 Byron L. Dorgan...ND...Senator@dorgan.senate.gov
 Committee on Indian Affairs
 U.S. Senate
 838 Hart Office Building
 Washington, D.C. 20510
 (202) 224-2251
 Senator Ben Nighthorse Campbell
 380 Russell Senate Office Building
 Washington, D.C.  20510
 (202) 224-5852
 
 "NO ON CAN BE FREE AS LONG AS ONE PERSON IS OPPRESSED"
 FREE LEONARD PELTIER!!!
 :-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:
     S.I.S.I.S.   Settlers In Support of Indigenous Sovereignty
         P.O. Box 8673, Victoria, "B.C." "Canada" V8X 3S2
                ==>>NEW EMAIL : <sisis@envirolink.org>
         WWW: http://kafka.uvic.ca/~vipirg/SISIS/SISmain.html
     SOVERNET-L is a news-only listserv concerned with indigenous
     sovereigntist struggles around the world.  To subscribe, send
     "subscribe sovernet-l" in the body of an email message to
                      <majordomo@speakeasy.org>
           For more information on sovernet-l, contact S.I.S.I.S.
 
 --------- "RE: Fort Belknap Tribes" ---------
 
 Date: Mon, 30 Jun 1997 17:13:20 -0400 (EDT)
 From: RomanNose1@aol.com
 Subj: Fort Belknap Tribes
 
 UUCP email
 
 Fort Belknap Tribes Stop Gold Mining Expansion
 Tribes Win Huge Victory Over Pegasus Gold, Inc. 
   On Tuesday, June 17, the Interior Board of Land Appeals (IBLA) granted
 the Fort Belknap tribes' request to block Zortman Mining, Inc., owned by
 Pegasus Gold, from expanding its cyanide heap-leach gold mining operations
 in the Little Rocky Mountains of Montana.
   The IBLA agreed to block the expansion pending a decision on the Tribe's
 request to overturn the expansion permit.
   In ordering the block on the expansion, the IBLA noted that the "risk of
 long-term, if not permanent, contamination of groundwater and its effects
 on the people and the environment of the area outweighs the economic harm"
 to the mining company.
   The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) originally granted Zortman Mining,
 Inc. the permit for an expansion in October of 1996. The expansion would
 triple the area disturbed by existing mining operations, allowing the
 construction of a 200 acre leach pad, a 150 acre waste rock disposal area,
 and a 2.5 mile long rock conveyor.
   The tribes appealed the BLM permit without result, then took their case
 to the IBLA. The Tribes argued that the BLM had violated its trust
 obligations to the Tribes, violated the National Environmental Policy Act,
 and violated its duty to prevent unnecessary degradation of public lands.
   The IBLA expressed "little doubt" a stay was warranted, despite the fact
 that such stays are rarely granted. "Given the location of the mines on a
 mountain top, their proximity to the Fort Belknap Reservation, the scale
 of the proposed operation, the acreage affected and the changes in the
 topography and landscape which will result even after reclamation has been
 completed, the notion that the proposed operations would not affect tribal
 resources does not appear to be sustainable", the board wrote in its
 decision.
   The Assiniboine and Gros Ventre tribal community on the Fort Belknap
 Indian reservation is downslope from the mining operation. One of the
 largest open pit heapleach gold mining operations in North America, the
 Zortman and Landusky mines have poisoned reservation ground water with
 cyanide and decimated areas of cultural and spiritual significance to the
 tribes.
   "This opinion vindicates the Tribe's concerns about the way this
 proposed expansion has been handled," said Tracy King, chair of the Fort
 Belknap Indian Community Council. "We hope this opinion will cause the BLM
 and the state to pay more attention to our concerns."
   The Tribes have been opposed to gold mining Little Rocky Mountains for
 many years, and maintain their determination to protect their sacred
 mountains and cultural sites.
   The Honor the Earth Campaign has worked to publicize and support the
 efforts of the Fort Belknap peoples in stopping the mining expansion.
 Please write to President Clinton, The White House, 1600 Pennsylvania
 Avenue, Washington, D.C. 20240. Urge him to support the Tribes' demand for
 a Cultural and Religious Value Assessment and recognition of the little
 Rocky Mountains as a sacred site. Request he take immediate action to stop
 the mining in the Little Rocky Mountains and protect all sites sacred to
 indigenous peoples.
 For More Information:
 Tracy King, President
 Fort Belknap Community Council
 406-353-2500
 
 Mike Axline
 Western Environmental Law Center
 541-485-2471
 
 Tom Goldtooth
 Indigenous Environmental Network
 218-751-4967
 
 Honor the Earth Campaign
 612-721-0916
 
 --------- "RE: Bear Lincoln Case Update" ---------
 
 Date: Thu, 03 Jul 1997 00:45:44 -0700
 From: Nicholas Wilson <nwilson@mcn.org>
 Subj: Bear Lincoln Case Update 7/3/97
 
   UUCP email
 
 Bear Lincoln Murder Case Update
 by Nicholas Wilson <nwilson@mcn.org>
 July 3, 1997
  * Attorney General to investigate alleged jury tampering by deputy
  * Some court proceedings closed to press and public, Judge orders
  * Defense renews motion for change of venue
  * Prosecution ordered to return mysterious cassette tape to defense
  * Lincoln fired back in self-defense, defense case summary says
  * AIM leader Dennis Banks featured at Gathering for Justice July 19-21
   UKIAH -- In a July 2 court hearing in the Bear Lincoln murder case,
 prosecutor Aaron Williams told Judge John Golden that the California
 Attorney General's office will investigate the allegations of jury
 tampering by Correctional Officer Brandon Van Camp which stunned everyone
 in the courtroom June 23. Defense attorney Tony Serra demanded to know the
 name of the responsible person in the AG's office and when the
 investigation will begin. Serra said the investigation needs to happen
 immediately while events are still fresh in the minds of participants, and
 said that without pressure, the AG would delay and "sweep it under the rug." 
   The judge ordered that Monday July 7 at 8:30 a.m. someone from the AG
 office or the District Attorney's office appear who can authoritatively
 identify the person in charge of the jury tampering investigation and when
 it will begin. He also said that the scope of the investigation will
 include all the allegations by jury candidate Harry Rothman. It was Rothman
 who told the stunned court last week that Deputy Van Camp told him in the
 hallway that Lincoln had confessed to the crime (which is untrue). Rothman
 also said that a friend of his told him about conversations with an alleged
 defense jury consultant about defense theories of the case, specifically
 the "friendly fire theory" that Deputy Davis was killed by a bullet fired
 by Deputy Miller.
   Deputy Van Camp, dressed in civilian clothes, appeared in court June 26,
 under subpoena to answer questions about his alleged statement to Rothman.
 The Lincoln defense team had filed papers demanding to find out whether Van
 Camp said things to other potential jurors, whether he was acting under the
 direction of any higher up or in collusion with other deputies, and
 demanding that he be prosecuted for felony jury tampering if investigation
 warranted. Because Van Camp may be subject to criminal prosecution, Judge
 Golden would not allow him to be questioned immediately by Serra. Santa
 Rosa attorney John Shields was present to represent Van Camp, and he said
 he knew what the deputy would testify, and felt "confident there is no
 cause for criminal charges." He said Van Camp wanted to clear the air. 
   Defense attorney Diane Samuelson filed an affidavit accusing Van Camp of
 taking advantage of the crowded conditions in the courtroom June 23 to sit
 very close to the defense counsel table, and to attempt to overhear and
 observe defense attorney consultations with each other and with Lincoln.
   Williams said the DA's office was prepared to look into the question of
 who would investigate the charges and possibly prosecute Van Camp, but the
 Lincoln defense charged there was an obvious conflict of interest. The
 judge ordered Williams to report July 2 on the issue of who should
 investigate, and suggested the AG might be called in. Williams reported
 that the AG would indeed take over the investigation. Van Camp was ordered
 to return for possible questioning July 11.
 
 Judge Orders Some Hearings Closed to Public and Press
   When the court convened the morning of Tuesday, July 1, Judge Golden told
 counsel that, over previous objections of both defense and prosecution, he
 has ordered that future court hearings on whether certain evidence is
 admissible in the trial will be closed to press and public, and documents
 and transcripts related to those proceedings will be sealed. Serra renewed
 his objection on the basis of the First and Sixth Amendments. 
   In his order, the judge explained that due to the high profile of the case
 in the local media, evidence which he ruled inadmissible reached some
 members of the jury panel through headlines, resulting in several being
 excused after they said they could not put the information out of their
 minds and reach a verdict based only on the evidence presented in court
 during the trial. 
   In giving the justification for the order, Judge Golden wrote that the
 interests of the prosecution and defense in a completely open and public
 trial are outweighed by the court's interest in providing a fair trial
 before an unbiased jury. He ruled out such extreme alternative measures as
 sequestering the 12 jurors and 6 alternates for the duration of the
 four-month trial as being too much of a burden on the jurors and on the
 court. He also wrote that the defense had ruled out another alternative by
 withdrawing its motion for a venue change. It appears the defense took that
 statement as a cue to revive its effort to move the trial to another county.
   
 Defense Renews Change of Venue Motion
   Hours after Golden's order was made known, defense attorney Diana
 Samuelson filed papers to renew the motion for change of venue. Because of
 the total gag order, the attorneys are unable to comment on what's happening
 in the case or why, but it appears that the order closing some of the
 hearings was the last straw for the defense, coming after the jury tampering
 shocker of last week, the gag order, and also reflecting how difficult and
 slow it has been trying to choose a jury.
   Individual jury candidate questioning resumed Monday (June 30) and will
 continue for two to three more weeks, or until about 35 additional members
 of the jury panel are qualified. Nearly 40 out of a panel of 89 were
 excused last week based on new information they had learned about the case
 through the media or overhearing conversations of others, or second
 thoughts about matters such the death penalty.
 as the death penalty
  
 Mysterious Tape Ordered Returned to DeJong
   In yet another bizarre development, the prosecution a few weeks ago
 obtained a cassette recording of defense attorney Philip DeJong, apparently
 either giving dictation or speaking to someone in his office about the
 Lincoln case. Prosecutor Williams filed a motion asking the judge to listen
 to the tape and determine if it contained information which should be
 turned over to the prosecution. The prosecution said it got the tape when a
 Round Valley resident named Doug Hutt approached a prosecution investigator
 and said he got the tape from an unnamed person who offered to sell it to
 him for $15. The investigator wrote in a sworn affidavit that when he began
 to listen to the tape and recognized DeJong's voice, he immediately stopped
 the tape.
   In a hearing on the motion June 26, DeJong stated that he had never
 released any recording of his voice to anyone, and the only way it could
 have been obtained was by burglarizing or bugging his office. He vehemently
 objected to the prosecution claiming any right to the fruits of a felony
 crime. He argued the prosecution had received stolen property. Williams
 argued that the prosecution had done nothing illegal, and had done the
 honorable thing in asking the court whether the prosecution could hear the
 rest of the tape. Judge Golden agreed with the defense and ordered the
 prosecution to turn the tape over to DeJong "forthwith."
   
 Defense Case Summary Filed
   On June 18 the defense filed with the court a required brief summary of
 the case. It states: that the deputies began shooting without warning or
 identifying themselves the night of April 14, 1995. They killed Bear
 Lincoln's lifelong friend Acorn Peters, who never fired the rifle he was
 carrying. After a brief interval the deputies fired at Bear Lincoln who was
 some distance down the road. Lincoln "fired back in self defense and fled
 the scene."
   "The defense asserts that (1) Mr. Lincoln did not provoke this incident in
 any manner, (2) the prosecution will not be able to prove beyond a
 reasonable doubt that any shot fired by Mr. Lincoln was responsible for
 killing deputy Davis, (3) every action taken by Mr. Lincoln was done in
 self-defense. (4) that a cover-up ensued, which included the making of
 false statements and reports by deputy Miller regarding the incident, and
 the negligent and/or intentional failure of investigating officers to
 preserve evidence at the scene, and (5) law enforcement personnel failed to
 follow proper police procedures beginning with the Britton homicide
 investigation and continuing throughout the Davis/Peters homicide
 investigation, which included acts of misconduct, unlawful searches, and
 excessive force, fueled by a bias and prejudice against Indian people." The
 statement was signed by Serra.
  
 Support Event to Feature Dennis Banks
   The Lincoln/Peters Defense Alliance announced a special event to be held
 over the next full moon weekend near Covelo. The "Gathering for Justice"
 will begin at dusk Saturday July 19 at the Hidden Oaks Campground in Round
 Valley, and continue until the morning of July 21, when there will be a
 caravan to the courthouse, followed by a press conference and support
 rally. The event will feature speakers, music, camping and barbecue.
 Speakers will include AIM Leader Dennis Banks, recently freed Native
 American prisoner Norma Jean Croy, former Congressman Dan Hamburg,
 attorneys Serra and De Jong, and civil rights attorney Dennis Cunningham,
 who is handling Round Valley residents' class action civil rights suit
 against police agencies and government bodies stemming from the alleged
 widespread abuses by law enforcement in the aftermath of the slaying of
 Deputy Davis. Other speakers invited but not confirmed include Geronimo
 Pratt, Nilak Butler and Alexander Cockburn. This will be a non-alcohol
 event, and will also feature traditional drumming and a performance by the
 Seven Nations Dance Group. For information call Lynda McClure at the
 Mendocino Environmental Center at 707-468-1660.
  ***********************************************************
  * U.S. Mail to:                                           *
  * Nicholas Wilson                                         *
  * P.O. Box 943                                            *
  * Mendocino CA 95460                                      *
  * Albion Monitor online newspaper covers Bari and Lincoln *
  * http://www.monitor.net/monitor                          *
  * See the official Judi Bari Home Page                    *
  * http://www.monitor.net/~bari                            *
  * Justice for Judi Bari!                                  *
  * Bear Lincoln/Round Valley web sites:                    *
  * Check the Albion Monitor, above, and                    *
  * http://www.planet-peace.org/round_valley/               *
  * http://www.cyborganic.com/people/bear/                  *
  * http://www.dickshovel.com/beara.html                    *
  * http://kafka.uvic.ca/~vipirg/SISIS/emerg/may08bea.html  *
  ***********************************************************
 
 --------- "RE: Canada's Racist Peacekeepers" ---------
 
 Date: Sun, 6 Jul 97 16:40:24 -0500
 From: M-J Milloy <mjmilloy@dsuper.net>
 Subj: <CAN justice> Canada's Racist Peacekeepers [SISIS]
 
 :-:-:-:S.I.S.I.S.  Settlers In Support of Indigenous Sovereignty:-:-:-:
 July 3, 1997 Bulletin
   Canada's General John De Chastelain: From Oka to Somalia to Gustafsen
 Lake to N. Ireland - Standing on Guard for Colonialism and Genocide
   "It sounded like the noises of an ineptly butchered animal," said one
 soldier who heard the death cries of tortured Somali teenager Shidane
 Arone  from across the Canadian compound at Belet Huen Somalia." These and
 other atrocities committed by Canadian "Peacekeepers" in 1993 were the
 subject of "Dishonoured Legacy," the report of the Commission of Inquiry
 into the Deployment of Canadian Forces to Somalia, released yesterday.
   The inquiry was prematurely terminated by the same Canadian government
 that commissioned it "just as we were beginning to question the highest
 levels of leadership of the Canadian Forces and the Department of National
 Defence as to the allegations of cover-up," according to the commissioners
 of the truncated inquiry. (Globe and Mail July 3, 1997)
   Former Chief of Defence Staff John De Chastelain "more than anyone else...
 is to be held accountable". According to the report, De Chastelain
 "allowed monetary and political considerations to motivate important
 decisions regarding the Canadian contingent." De Chastelain became
 Canada's ambassador to Washington and currently serves as a "special
 advisor" to the Anglo-Irish "peace process".
   General De Chastelain was also in charge of the Canadian Army's 1990
 invasion of sovereign Mohawk territory in support of a golf course
 expansion. Mohawk prisoners were reportedly subjected to 'dry shootings,'
 beatings, and torture involving cigarette burns such as was practised in
 Somalia.
   Likewise, General De Chastelain drew up the plans for "Operation
 Wallaby", the military's participation in the summer 1995 siege of Shuswap
 traditionalists and their supporters defending sacred Sundance and burial
 grounds at Gustafsen Lake. De Chastelain's "Rules of Engagement" against
 the elders, men, women and children of the Ts'peten camp were the first
 time in Canadian history the army was used against "civilians" without a
 review by either Parliament or the provincial legislature. Both Prime
 Minister Jean Chretien and BC's NDP Premier Glen Clark have thus far
 refused demands for a public inquiry.
   A call for a similar inquiry into the murder of Stoney Pointer Dudley
 George faces comparable resistance from the Ontario government. George's
 murderer, Ontario Provincial Police sniper Kenneth Deane was convicted and
 sentenced to 2 years less a day for the murder. His conditional sentence
 will not see him serve any jail time.
   By contrast Wolverine, the 66 year old Shuswap traditionalist, organic
 gardener and old age pensioner has already served almost 2 years in
 prison already and the BC Attorney -General's prosecution is seeking a
 harsh 25 year sentence for "mischief endangering life". This conviction
 arises out of Wolverine's attempts to stop a 14 ton military APC from
 running him down, by shooting at the tires. The message is that from
 Somalia to Stoney Point to Gustafsen Lake, it is open season on indigenous
 people.
   The virulent racism within the Canadian military and police forces,
 especially the RCMP, has become increasingly obvious. At Gustafsen Lake
 for example, RCMP ERT members left racist death threats on "death cards"
 in the vicinity of the Ts'peten sundance camp. Also revealed during the
 recent kangaroo court proceedings was a failed plan pushed for by the RCMP
 ERT members to force native traditionalists to "surrender on their knees"
 to the white police officers.
   Now the Somalia scandal has revealed a culture of white supremacy and
 racism within the Canadian Forces. Photos and video tapes were leaked to
 media showing Airborne Regiment members dressed in Nazi regalia and a
 "party" involving a black man on his knees with a dog collar and leash
 with his naked back smeared with excrement reading "KKK".
   "Not just a few rotten apples but a system rotten to the core... we
 encountered a wall of silence, evidently a strategy of calculated
 deception," concluded the commission of the Somalia Inquiry. The Chretien
 government rejected the report of its own commission, which Defence
 minister Art Eggleton called "excessively critical... This happened four
 years ago. The time for pointing fingers is past.
   The actions of white supremacist thugs such as OPP sniper Kenneth Deane,
 General John De Chastelain, the Gustafsen Lake ERT and their NDP masters,
 and any of the other racist, colonialist enforcers of the Canadian
 settler state must be vigorously opposed. The authorities must not be
 allowed to  whitewash the ugly truth about "our home on native land" and
 how domination is maintained. Full and comprehensive public inquiries must
 be held into the actions of the authorities at Gustafsen Lake and Stoney
 Point, with the involvement of international observers to prevent a
 Canadian cover-up as witnessed by the Somalia inquiry.
   We call upon good people everywhere, at home and around the world, to
 raise your voices in condemnation, to hold the Canadian authorities
 accountable, and to demand that the much vaunted 'paragon of human rights'
 begins to respect the elementary norms of civilized behavior.
 Prime Minister Jean Chretien
 Room 309-S Centre Block, House of Commons
 Ottawa, Ont.  K1A OA6  Canada
 Phone: (613) 992-4211     Fax: (613) 941-6900
 Faxing by email:remote-printer.Jean_Chretien@16139416900.iddd.tpc.int
 email:pm@pm.gc.ca
 WWW comments: http://pm.gc.ca/english/pmo/e_corres.htm
 
 BC Premier Glen Clark,  Room 156 Parliament Buildings
 Victoria, BC   V8V 1X4   Canada
 Phone: (250) 380-6506   Fax: (250) 387-0087
 
 Ontario Premier Michael Harris, Room 281, Legislative Building,
 Toronto ON M7A 1A1   Canada
 Phone: 416-325-1941 Fax: 416-325-374
 
 For sample letters and more addresses, visit:
 http://kafka.uvic.ca/~vipirg/SISIS/GustLake/support.html
 http://kafka.uvic.ca/~vipirg/SISIS/Ipperwash/letter.html
 :-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:
     S.I.S.I.S.   Settlers In Support of Indigenous Sovereignty
         P.O. Box 8673, Victoria, "B.C." "Canada" V8X 3S2
 ___________________________________________________
 This message was distributed by canada-alt-newswire
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 www.dsuper.net/~mjmilloy/can/
 
 --------- "RE: Expert An Academic Fraud" ---------
 
 Date: Wed, 2 Jul 1997 14:56:45 -0800
 From: sisis@envirolink.org (S.I.S.I.S.)
 Subj: Official Gustafsen Lake Author "An Academic Fraud".
 
 :-:-:-:S.I.S.I.S.  Settlers In Support of Indigenous Sovereignty:-:-:-:
 July 2, 1997 Bulletin
 Official Gustafsen Lake Author "An Academic Fraud"
   John Ekstedt, the so-called "expert on aboriginal justice" who is believed
 to have been given the nod to write the "official" history of the Gustafsen
 Lake crisis, is a fake.
   In a May 26, 1997 Canadian Press article, Ekstedt, a former Simon Fraser
 University Criminology professor said he "was writing a book on Gustafsen
 Lake." He also claimed to have interviewed Shuswap elder Wolverine "after
 his arrest". Wolverine remembers no such interview and says he's "never met
 the man."
   Ekstedt was BC's Commissioner of Corrections and a Deputy minister in BC's
 Attorney-General's Ministry before joining academia.
   Now a June 25th Vancouver Sun article reports that Ekstedt's publisher is
 being sued by fellow SFU professor Curt Griffiths because the text he
 co-authored with Ekstedt "causes embarrassment, humiliation, and anxiety
 when my co-author is an academic fraud," according to the statement of
 claim. "Ekstedt claimed he had a Master of Arts degree from the University
 of California at Berkeley and a PhD from the University of Chicago... but
 resigned from SFU after he was unable to provide proof he had earned the
 post-graduate degrees he claimed to have."
   BC's 'Indian Industry' academic mafia is closely aligned with the NDP
 government's continuing corrupt and genocidal neo-colonialism. This was
 especially obvious during the Gustafsen Lake crisis, when academics
 aggressively propagandized on behalf of the government, RCMP and BC's
 collaborationist native elite.
 :-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:
     S.I.S.I.S.   Settlers In Support of Indigenous Sovereignty
         P.O. Box 8673, Victoria, "B.C." "Canada" V8X 3S2
                ==>>NEW EMAIL : <sisis@envirolink.org>
         WWW: http://kafka.uvic.ca/~vipirg/SISIS/SISmain.html
     SOVERNET-L is a news-only listserv concerned with indigenous
     sovereigntist struggles around the world.  To subscribe, send
     "subscribe sovernet-l" in the body of an email message to
                      <majordomo@speakeasy.org>
           For more information on sovernet-l, contact S.I.S.I.S.
 
 --------- "RE: Youth Oppose Treaty Process" ---------
 
 Date: Mon, 7 Jul 1997 04:53:50 -0800
 From: sisis@envirolink.org (S.I.S.I.S.)
 Subj: Youth opposed to treaty process
 
 :-:-:-:-:S.I.S.I.S.  Settlers In Support of Indigenous Sovereignty:-:-:-:-:
 Western Native News, May, 1997 p. 14
 
 Youth opposed to treaty process
 by Ennis Morris
   British Columbia's Native Youth Movement (NYM) is completely opposed to
 the treaty process currently being negotiated via government and Indian
 leaders. And to emphasize their beliefs more than 30 NYM members spent a
 couple of days and a night last month occupying the BC Treaty Commission
 (BCTC) office in Vancouver.
   The NYM have stated that they consider a treaty process that promotes
 the loss of traditional lands, a treaty process of treason. They are
 intent on bringing an end to the ratification of last year's Nisga'a
 treaty agreement and say that should the deal go through, 92 percent of
 the Nisga'a traditional homeland will be lost forever.
   The NYM has accused the British Columbia Treaty Commission of
 collaborating with "so-called Native leaders of the First Nation's Summit
 for the purpose of selling out the rights of Native youth throughout the
 province." With the assistance of Rene Taylor, an Aboriginal Services
 lawyer from Vancouver, the NYM had scheduled end of April meetings but the
 latter found a change in the date unacceptable because their out-of-town
 members would not be allowed to participate.
   The British Columbia Treaty Commission has suggested an alternative date
 near the end of May but the NYM have made it clear that if the meeting is
 to go ahead any and all members of the NYM must be permitted to attend.
 Further information can be obtained from Monty Joseph at the NYM
 headquarters in Vancouver. Call (604) 493-3924
 :-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:
     S.I.S.I.S.   Settlers In Support of Indigenous Sovereignty
         P.O. Box 8673, Victoria, "B.C." "Canada" V8X 3S2
                ==>>NEW EMAIL : <sisis@envirolink.org>
         WWW: http://kafka.uvic.ca/~vipirg/SISIS/SISmain.html
     SOVERNET-L is a news-only listserv concerned with indigenous
     sovereigntist struggles around the world.  To subscribe, send
     "subscribe sovernet-l" in the body of an email message to
                      <majordomo@speakeasy.org>
           For more information on sovernet-l, contact S.I.S.I.S.
 
 --------- "RE: Ojibway Elder Dies" ---------
 
 Date: Tue, 1 Jul 1997 18:18:20 -0700
 From: "S.I.S.I.S." <SISIS@envirolink.org>
 Subj: ART SOLOMON OJIBWAY ELDER DIES
 
 :-:-:-:-:-:-:-Settlers In Support of Indigenous Sovereignty-:-:-:-:-:-:-:
 CASNP Canadian Alliance in Solidarity With Native Peoples.  39 Spadina
 Road.  Toronto ON M5R 2S9.  416-972-1573 Fax 416-972-6232 email
 casnp@pathcom.com web: http://www.io.org/~casnp
 
 Art Solomon, Ojibway Elder Dies (1914-1997)
   CASNP.  Art Solomon, Ojibway Elder, died at sunrise, Sunday, June 29th,
 in hospital in Sudbury Ontario.  He and his wife Eva had been living
 with his daughters for the past three years.  Eva died early this year.
   It was in 1962 that the "fog was just lifting enough that he could see
 the Good Red Road" that he would follow for the rest of his life.  In
 that journey he has never wavered, he has never compromised, never
 rested, never looked back.  He knew what was the right thing and he did
 it.
   Art's decision was worse than unpopular.  He was misunderstood,
 resented, criticized, scrutinized, harassed and rejected.  "Of course,
 you were right" he would be told, followed by a stream of excuses and
 rationalizations about "being practical", "being unreasonable", "you
 can't go back" to the past.  It would have been easier, of course, if
 Art has been born Kesheyanakwan instead of having to become one.  His
 life has been an unfinished work in progress and Art has been its
 principle craftsman sculpturing the Creator's original material with the
 guidance of the Spirit Winds.  All the original ingredients are still
 visible but his life shape today could not have been seen, if imagined,
 until he was well into middle age years.  He evolved into someone else
 right before the disbelieving eyes of his family and friends who were
 not yet prepared to join Art on the path he was taking.  The events of
 1970 brought Native people into the nation's living rooms.  Native
 crafts went into fancy galleries.  Instant medicine men appeared on talk
 shows.  Buckskin and beads became the high fashion.
   Art Solomon was well placed to gain prestige, praise and prominence but
 he never change his pace or direction.  He continued to utter
 unspeakable truths in bold terms.  He did not want urban comforts
 preferring to be in the bush with the Creator's riches or in the prisons
 with the Creator^Òs forgotten people.  He went to the World Council of
 Churches who backed him to get the government o recognize Native
 Spirituality in the prisons.  Art traveled with the White Roots of Peace
 and Four Arrows.  He was a powerful teacher, an avid student.  His wife
 Eva was always the fuel and he was the life.
   Just by being himself Art created more than his share of enemies.
 Persons prepared to take only half measures felt criticized by his mere
 presence.  Government people found him unsusceptible to the rewards
 offered to the native leaders willing to become "co-operative".  Many
 native people considered Art a threat to their own "hard won progress"
 with the government, which he called the "beast".  "Native people have
 to make gains on their own, not by having the government do it for
 them", said Art.  He took the pain of it all in stride and just took the
 blows which unavoidably came.  He insisted on pushing ahead where he
 knew he must go without regard to the personal sacrifices which he knew
 would be required.
   To many Art had seemed to be a demanding teacher, unforgiving and
 uncompromising.  Yet he never asked anyone to follow him.  He held out
 truths rather than expectations.  While he did not allow dodging the
 facts he insisted we all have choices.  He had no imperatives, "What I
 have to say will hurt many ears, but I have to say it", he would say.
 That was his duty.  You could do your own duty as you saw fit.
   Kesheyanakwan had heard the Creator's instructions and he understood
 his responsibility to follow them the best he possibly could.  He
 applied is free will to take and determine his direction and he turned
 to the Creation to sustain his energy.  He had found it so simple to do
 that he must have pondered why anyone else does not do the same.
   CASNP is especially grateful for insisting that it remain a grassroots
 organization run by native and non-natives, and to refuse government
 assistance.  The CASNP family has lost a really good friend in guidance
 and friendship who always said, "Each person had powers and had the
 responsibility to use that power to do good".
   Traditional ceremonies in Sudbury on Monday and Tuesday (June 30-July1);
 traditional ceremonies in Killarney on Wednesday and Thursday (July
 2-3); and a mass in Killarney on Friday morning(July 4).  Contact CASNP
 for details.
 :-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:
     S.I.S.I.S.   Settlers In Support of Indigenous Sovereignty
         P.O. Box 8673, Victoria, "B.C." "Canada" V8X 3S2
                ==>>NEW EMAIL : <sisis@envirolink.org>
         WWW: http://kafka.uvic.ca/~vipirg/SISIS/SISmain.html
     SOVERNET-L is a news-only listserv concerned with indigenous
     sovereigntist struggles around the world.  To subscribe, send
     "subscribe sovernet-l" in the body of an email message to
                      <majordomo@speakeasy.org>
           For more information on sovernet-l, contact S.I.S.I.S.
 
 --------- "RE: WalMart to Desecrate Burial Site" ---------
 
 Date: Tue, 01 Jul 1997 22:45:05 -0500
 From: tusweca <tusweca@TWLakes.Net>
 Subj: WalMart supercenter to desecrate a Native Burial site
 
 Mailing List:    TN Indian Affairs <tn-ind@chattanooga.net>,
 
   WalMart, along with Lowe's, has announced plans to locate a supercenter
 outlet at Charlotte Pike and River Road in west Davidson County.  This
 center will be directly across the street from Brookmeade School and in
 the middle of a well established suburban neighborhood.  Our issue is
 the Native American burial site located on this property.  The huge
 scope of this project will result in the removal of 21 Native American
 graves. While ten of these graves have already been desecrated, the
 other eleven, or more, are undisturbed.  Tonight was the public hearing
 of the Metro Council to change the zoning to C-S which would clear the
 way for this supercenter and the destruction of these burials.  The
 Council voted to defer a final vote until the next meeting in two weeks.
 The reason given for the deferral is to give WalMart the opportunity to
 scale down the project or face certain denial of the zoning change.
 Hopefully, this will occur and our ancestors buried there can safely
 continue their journey.
 --
 TUSWECA
 
 --------- "RE: Letter to WalMart" ---------
 
 Date: Wed, 02 Jul 1997 12:38:27 -0500
 From: Valerie Lovelace <satt@mn.uswest.net>
 Subj: New Store
 
   UUCP email
 
 Dear Sir:
 
 I am writing to express my concern over Walmart's desire to build a new
 superstore at Charlotte Pike and River Road in west Davidson County,
 TN.  I urge you to reconsider the location of the store.
 
 Building on such a scale at this location will result in the removal of
 over 20 Indian burial sites.  
 
 Walmart does a remarkable job supporting and upholding community
 efforts, from the Missing Children's Network to the environment.  Your
 company espouses Quality of Life issues across the nation.  This truly
 is a quality of life concern...preserving the quality of a way of life
 that has long been ignored, bulldozed, pushed aside, or dug up and put
 in a museum.  
 
 Please make the preservation of these sacred sites a priority.  Just as
 no company would remove a church and its cemetery to build a store, I
 ask that Walmart not remove these sacred sites and disturb the sleep of
 those resting there.
 
 I look forward to hearing from you regarding this request. 
 
 With Respect and Honor,
 
 Valerie L. Lovelace
 1873 Iglehart Avenue
 St. Paul, MN  55104
 --
 I shall live forever, or die in the attempt. -Voltaire
 
 --------- "RE: Lynch-Mob Canadian Colonialism" ---------
 
 Date: Wed, 2 Jul 1997 06:11:14 -0800
 From: sisis@envirolink.org (S.I.S.I.S)
 Subject: The Queen, Gustafsen Lake, Delgamuukw and the BC lawyers' "mafia"
 
 :-:-:-:-:S.I.S.I.S.  Settlers In Support of Indigenous Sovereignty:-:-:-:-:
 "Canada Day" July 1, 1997                                        Interview
 
 The "Lynch-Mob" Nature of Canadian Colonialism: S.I.S.I.S. talks to native
 rights lawyer  Dr. Bruce Clark on the Queen, Gustafsen Lake, Delgamuukw and
 the BC lawyers' "mafia"
  S.I.S.I.S.: One of the major Canadian "land-claims" cases is the Delgamuukw
 case [SCC File 23799]. It has now worked its way through the BC Court
 system, the appellants have left the BC Treaty Process, and the case is now
 before the Supreme Court of Canada. [The case was heard June 16-17. A
 decision is expected to take from six months to a year.] What do you make
 of this case?
  Dr. Bruce Clark: Well, it's a fairly sophisticated fraud that's going on.
 In the hearing on September 12, 1995, I applied on behalf of one of the
 appellants to have the Court address the issue of Court jurisdiction. The
 reason being that the essence of the Native Sovereignty position is that
 until there's a treaty, the Indians were here first and they have
 jurisdiction. Therefore, until there is a treaty the non-Indians don't have
 jurisdiction and correspondingly, their Courts don't have jurisdiction.
 That point was settled for constitutional and international law purposes by
 a case in 1704. [Mohegan Indians v. Connecticut, in Smith, J. H., Appeals
 to the Privy Council, Columbia University Press 1950.]
   What the Delgamuukw case is set up to do... the Indian appellants
 are asserting ownership and jurisdiction except for Court jurisdiction. And
 that's impossible - a contradiction in terms. If the non-native Courts have
 jurisdiction the only source for their jurisdiction is the non-native
 legislatures. If the non-native Courts have jurisdiction, by necessary
 implication the non-native legislatures had to have jurisdiction in order
 to invest it in the Courts. Therefore if the Courts have jurisdiction, the
 legislatures have jurisdiction and there is no such thing as Native
 Sovereignty. And if there's no such thing as Native Sovereignty... that's
 sort of the omnibus term that covers Native jurisdiction.
   So essentially, what it boils down to is - you have these Indian
 appellants in Delgamuukw who maintain the pretense they're asserting
 jurisdiction but since they've accepted Court jurisdiction they're beat
 before they start. What they're doing is a major sell out of the concept of
 Native Sovereignty and jurisdiction. The appellants in Delgamuukw are
 essentially angling for a bargaining position and they hope, I think, that
 there would be some sort of reward - their lawyers in particular - for
 having sold native sovereignty down the river in this fashion.
  S.I.S.I.S.: Some, perhaps most, of the participants in this case will be
 familiar to you. Stuart Rush, the lawyer representing the Gitksan
 appellants, his name appeared in the RCMP's tip files during the Gustafsen
 Lake trial. Not only was he apparently advising the police on legal matters
 but he was also frequently quoted extensively in the domestic media making
 disparaging remarks about your own legal position in support of native
 sovereignty. He also appeared to argue against native sovereignty opposite
 you on September 12, 1995, when you appeared for the Gitksan Hereditary
 Chief XSOGIMLAHXA in the Supreme Court of Canada. Just what was happening
 in court that day?
  Clark: It was an application to the Supreme Court of Canada in the context
 of the Delgamuukw appeal itself for a preliminary ruling as to whether or
 not the Court could possibly have jurisdiction. So what I attempted to do
 was to place before the Court the 1704 precedent [Mohegan Indians v
 Connecticut] which precludes court jurisdiction. Having precluded court
 jurisdiction automatically establishes the counterpart - native
 jurisdiction - which is to say native sovereignty.
   Stuart Rush scuttled that. He argued to the Court that his clients
 - the vast majority of the Indian appellants - didn't want to insult the
 Court by suggesting that it didn't have jurisdiction. So essentially on
 that day we have this unholy alliance between the supposed lawyer for the
 Indians, the Attorney-General for British Columbia [Bryan Williams QC was
 appointed Chief Justice of the BC Supreme Court after the case] and the
 Attorney-General for Canada who are all on the same team and all agreeing
 to scuttle native sovereignty by scuttling the objection to court
 jurisdiction.
   So it was really a set-up and this event which just took place
 recently - arguing the Delgamuukw case - is the consequence of that set-up.
 The reason they would go on for eight hours on something as straight
 forward as this issue is a case of "the tangled web we weave when first we
 practice to deceive."
  S.I.S.I.S.: The impression I gathered was that the Court was being invited
 to rule very broadly on the whole issue of native rights.
  Clark: Yes, they're inviting the Court to be politicians. Essentially the
 deal they're trying to make with the judges is : "Look. We know that
 there's no treaty and therefore we know that the newcomers prematurely,
 that is illegally, have invaded the Indian Territories. But you're here.
 And so rather then embarrass you by insisting upon the letter of the law by
 saying you don't have jurisdiction we will concede that you do have
 jurisdiction. Therefore we will concede that all of these white people who
 are here and are really trespassing - sort of aren't trespassers. In return
 for this sell-out of the concept of native sovereignty, please politically
 say some things which put heat on the federal and provincial governments to
 negotiate with us a political settlement."
   So essentially what they're persuading the Court to do - suborning
 the Court to do - is to sell the rule of law down the river and to become a
 politically expedient tribunal. This is from a native sovereigntist point
 of view anathema. And from the point of view of any citizen who believes in
 the integrity of the rule of law it is appalling.
  S.I.S.I.S.: One of the other participants in this matter is Gordon
 Sebastian. Sebastian is a BC lawyer, a Gitksan political leader and was
 also a member of the Shuswap Liaison Group which was working with the RCMP
 to effectively obtain the surrender of the Ts'Peten Defenders during the
 1995 siege of sacred burial and Sundance grounds. He was also brought in to
 the Provincial Court on September 18, 1995 to supposedly take over
 representation of two of your clients. You were subsequently attacked,
 assaulted and committed to a psychiatric hospital at the instigation of the
 presiding judge Nicholas Friesen. Your clients rejected Sebastian. Have you
 had dealings with him before?
  Clark: No, only briefly that day in Court. Only to the extent of
 ascertaining upon which side of the fence he stands. There's no question
 he's part of the legal profession mafia in British Columbia that has
 hijacked the rule of law and is using it to profit by trashing it and
 victimizing native sovereignty.
  S.I.S.I.S.: One of the other participants in the June 16-17th SCC
 Delgamuukw hearings was an R.C. Willms. He was representing an intervener -
 Repap  Carnaby which is a BC forest products multi-national. [BC's then NDP
 Forests Minister Dan Miller was connected to this company and was on leave
 of absence from it while acting as Minister.] When we attended a hearing in
 the BC Court of Appeal a week later, lo and behold there was Mr. Willms
 representing the Province of British Columbia against
 traditional-sovereigntist Harold Pascal of the LiL'Wat Nation who is a
 client of yours. Is this a common practice?
  Clark: This is a grotesque conflict of interest. But not only did Mr.
 Willms appear as counsel against Mr. Pascal, in the Gustafsen Lake trial he
 was  brought in to address Shuswap elder Wolverine's objection to court
 jurisdiction. He was the ringer brought in to speak for the BC
 Attorney-General. [Wolverine was denied Clark - his counsel of choice - and
 was forced to argue against Willms unaided.]
   So basically we have this one individual at the same time arguing
 for both the Attorney General of British Columbia and a forest industry
 multinational. A typical BC manoeuvre. A conflict of interest in any
 rational rule of law society which would preclude this sort of thing.
 British Columbia simply doesn't operate as a rational rule of law society.
  S.I.S.I.S.: It should probably also be pointed out that Mr. Willms comes
 from Russel and DuMoulin. DuMoulin Howard Gervais is a national and
 international law partnership, bracketing the resource industry, of which
 BC's Chief Justice Allen McEachern is also a former senior partner.
   You've mentioned the Gustafsen trial. Your clients were denied you
 as counsel of choice but you were allowed to testify as a witness called by
 Wolverine. However the 'colour of right' defence under the auspices of
 which you appeared was dismissed by trial judge Bruce Josephson in the
 concluding days of the trial. Is that correct?
  Clark: Yes. And his reasons for judgement, his self-justification for doing
 this is the pretence that the native people at Gustafsen Lake were not
 relying upon existing law but were relying upon a political aspiration. In
 my view you cannot possibly conceive of a more gross judicial lie. I
 testified for two weeks as to what was in the minds of these people, their
 own documents, the statements issued by the people inside [the besieged
 Gustafsen Lake camp].
   Repeatedly these individuals have identified specific statutes and
 pieces of legislation that exist and have existed for a long time. The idea
 that they're seeking to change the law in virtue of a political aspiration
 as the judge pretended... no rational and honest human being could occupy
 such a position.
  S.I.S.I.S.: What is also noticeable about the submissions of the Crown as
 regards the upcoming sentencing is that we're right back to the allegations
 and terminology of terrorism. Sentencing precedents offered to the Court
 include horrific cases of sexual abuse. As deficient as the provisional
 defence team was, it did effectively discredit the concocted "terrorist"
 incidents alleged by the RCMP. Nevertheless, here we are again hearing
 these same flimsy fabricated "terrorist" allegations.
  Clark: Well it's essentially like a lynch mob type of situation. The lynch
 mob stops in the street, reviews the evidence conclusively establishing
 that the intended lynch mob's victim couldn't possibly have committed the
 crime, nevertheless determines "Oh well, we're beyond that stage, we're
 going to go into denial on that issue, so lets get on with the hanging." I
 mean it simply isn't rational.
  S.I.S.I.S.: You are in the process of assembling an appeal I gather?
  Clark: Yes.
  S.I.S.I.S.: What sort of ground will this appeal cover?
  Clark: The Notice of Appeal - the argument is only two pages long. It's so
 absolutely crystal clear. The Court does not have jurisdiction. Law was
 placed in front of it that demonstrated conclusively that this is the
 situation. The judge completely ignored that law and lied that the
 defendants' position was based on a political aspiration unsupported by
 existing law. And there it is.
  S.I.S.I.S.: During the trial your clients and indeed traditional
 sovereigntists in general have for some time sought an independent,
 impartial third party tribunal. This involves the constitutional Canadian
 head of state Queen Elizabeth II. The Queen is on an official state visit
 right now. Perhaps this is a good time to ask you exactly how the Queen
 figures into land rights and sovereignty.
  Clark: Well in constitutional theory the Queen is the fail-safe device that
 secures Canada's status as a rule of law society in this specific sense:
 where the governments federal and provincial hijack the rule of law the
 Queen is the constitutional law of last resort. In this particular
 situation with the native people, the federal and provincial governments
 have hijacked the rule of law. They have invaded prematurely the Indian
 territories. Then they have sent in their own courts to prevent the law
 that exposes this reality from coming out. Under the Canadian constitution,
 since 1704, the remedy for this situation has been an application to the
 Queen.
   It was determined in 1704 [Mohegan Indians v Connecticut] that she
 is obliged to appoint an independent and impartial adjudicator in lieu of
 the courts of the offending governments. That's her obligation. The
 consequence of her not fulfilling her obligation is the continuing genocide
 of the native peoples. She is not doing her constitutional duty. She is
 acting upon the advice of the criminals, that is to say the federal and
 provincial governments. By acting upon their advice instead of doing her
 constitutional duty, she is aiding and abetting the genocide contrary to
 article 3 (e) of the Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of the
 Crime of Genocide 1948. That is not a difficult proposition of law to make
 out. To prosecute the Queen is, however, politically virtually impossible.
  S.I.S.I.S.: Has she been contacted? Is she aware of this issue?
  Clark: Yes. There was a petition to the Queen dated January 3, 1995 that
 was filed with her office, essentially following in the footsteps of the
 Mohegan Indians who did the same thing in 1704. That was turned aside by
 the Queen on the grounds that the alleged criminals, the federal and
 provincial governments, weren't consenting.
  S.I.S.I.S.: As you probably know the celebrations of the explorer John
 Cabot's 1497 voyage are ongoing. In celebration of his landfall the Queen
 is quoted in the June 25th Vancouver Province newspaper as saying this
 "represented the geographical and intellectual beginning of modern North
 America..."
  Clark: Indeed that's true. As is well known, in Newfoundland where Cabot
 landed the genocide of the Beothuk Indians occurred. So she's absolutely
 right. The pattern was set there. So far as the native peoples are
 concerned of course the pattern set was genocide.
  S.I.S.I.S.: Your clients and other traditionalists continue to seek from
 Her Majesty the convening of this independent third party court. Is that
 right?
  Clark: We've almost given up on that. The Queen has chosen sides. We asked,
 begged, pleaded and so on for her to do her constitutional duty. We fully
 informed her and her office on what that constitutional duty was. And in a
 condition of being fully informed, the Queen and her office decided to side
 with the criminals.
  S.I.S.I.S.: With reference to an independent third party tribunal - a
 fundamental principle of natural justice in any case - what are some of the
 other venues that are possible?
  Clark: The basic possibility is the identical instrument to that
 established in 1704. At that time Queen Anne in her Privy Council,
 established a standing commission for the adjudication of disputes between
 natives and newcomers over boundaries and jurisdiction. Now that committee
 is not staffed at present but being a standing committee it's immortal.
 There's been no constitutional amendment removing it. So all that's
 required is for the Queen freshly to commission a panel of judicial
 officers to sit upon it. Which is what she was requested to do and which
 she refused to do for reasons of political expediency acting upon the
 advice of the criminals as I've said. The alternative would be
 international arbitration.
  S.I.S.I.S.: That also came up in the context of the Delgamuukw appeal. In
 an interview Gordon Sebastian said that if they didn't get results here
 they'd go to the World Court.
  Clark: That's just stupid. It's part of the scam of lawyers like Sebastian.
 There is no access to the World Court. His threat is absolute posturing.
 Worse than posturing, it's misleading native people into thinking they have
 a viable remedy in the World Court.
  S.I.S.I.S.: In fact you've already visited the World Court. Perhaps you can
 tell us about that.
  Clark: Well, the World Court in the Hague, since the 1920s, has occupied
 the position that the native nations of the Americas do not have locus
 standi (standing) to commence cases in that court. The reason the court
 feels this way is that it feels the native nations are not 'states' within
 the meaning of the statute of the International Court of Justice. Now there
 really isn't a definition of the concept 'state' for the purposes of that
 statute, and for me it's a murky area. But the only way one could make the
 argument for access as a 'state' to that court would be upon the basis of
 the 1704 precedent in the Mohegan case. Which is precisely the precedent
 that people like Gordon Sebastian, Stuart Rush, Marvin Storrow, and the BC
 lawyers mafia have precluded from addressing.
  S.I.S.I.S.: What I would associate with a nation or a state is a people
 with a common language, a common homeland, history, etc. Certainly
 indigenous nations would fulfill these categories wouldn't they?
  Clark: They would. But that's essentially a political test. And that's part
 of the confusion. You see, what was decided in 1704 was that for 'juristic'
 purposes, that is for purposes of assessing court jurisdiction, the native
 nations are juristically sovereign. So in that sense they are a state.
 That's been resolved for three hundred or so years. The test that you've
 just described is the normal type of political test that one uses to
 ascertain the right to membership in the United Nations or in some of the
 political forums. And in a way the test that you've described is a red
 herring.
   It sort of invites the Indians to prove things like you've
 described: common heritage and so forth, which they don't have to prove.
 The issue of statehood for juristic purposes is already settled and has
 been for some 300 years. They don't have to go into this business of
 parading language, culture and history before people that don't have
 jurisdiction.
  S.I.S.I.S.: This seems to be something that happens time and time again. It
 seems always that the onus is on indigenous nations to prove the obscenely
 obvious proposition that they were here first.
  Clark: Yes and that's the scam. Ever since 1535 and the Papal Bull Sublimus
 Deus, it's been settled in natural and international law that the fact the
 Indians were here first and since they're human beings they have original
 jurisdiction. The consequence of that is: us newcomers, the way we get
 jurisdiction is by acquisition from the original jurisdiction holders. And
 the process of acquisition is the treaty process. That's why the treaty
 process was created and why it's still around. It isn't window dressing. It
 exists for a solid legal reason with great historical depth.
  S.I.S.I.S.: British Columbia purports to have just recently begun a treaty
 process leading to "modern day treaties." It is widely felt the process
 does not constitute proper treaty making since it is not a nation-to-nation
 process but involves the Province, a lower order of government negotiating
 with its own imposed agent - the DIA Band Council. Can you further
 elaborate the bogus nature of the BC Treaty Commission process?
  Clark: It's patently fraudulent. Right now, the so-called BC Treaty process
 is premised upon the assumption the newcomers already have jurisdiction.
 What BC is negotiating is a relinquishment by the newcomers of some limited
 land rights and jurisdictional rights to the Indians. That's completely
 fraudulent. Since there hasn't been a treaty, the newcomers can't possibly
 have any jurisdiction.
  S.I.S.I.S.: Yes, it seems that BC has turned the process on it's head.
 White society purports to cede certain rights and titles to the Indigenous
 nations already legally in possession.
  Clark: That's the great fraud. That's why the Royal Proclamation of 1763
 rehearsed the fact that "Whereas Great Frauds and Abuses have been
 Committed," then it went on to stipulate its provisions and sanctions. The
 process that the proclamation described of "Great Frauds and Abuses"
 classically is illustrated by what's going on in British Columbia.
  S.I.S.I.S.: Dr. Clark, we know that despite the statements of Chief Justice
 Antonio Lamer of the Supreme Court of Canada that your submissions to the
 Court on September 12, 1995 were "the most preposterous and outrageous
 things I've ever heard," I gather you were granted the right to appear
 before the Court again. This may surprise some people since the
 demonization process by the bench, bar and media of yourself was so
 widespread. One would have thought you were forever excluded from the high
 court. However you are going back to this Court on behalf of the Mi'gmaq
 nation with regard to a test case on Quebec secession. What happened to
 persuade the Court to hear you again?
  Clark: On September 12, 1995 the comment you've just identified was made by
 the Chief Justice. Now at that stage he and the Court had not looked at the
 law that I was attempting to put before them. I was making an application
 to attempt to put before them the law such as the 1704 Order in Council
 which precludes newcomer court jurisdiction. And they decided upon the
 basis of an a priori assumption that you've just identified that this was
 preposterous. And on that basis they refused to look at the law.
 Subsequently, on January 17, 1997, I again presented the same law or
 attempted to present the same law, but in the context of an application by
 the Mi'gmaq nation to intervene in the Reference Concerning Quebec
 Secession, for the specific purpose of informing the Court of the law
 establishing that vis a vis that portion of Quebec territory which remains
 unsurrendered Indian Territory, the Court has no jurisdiction to comment.
   And I guess to some extent time heals the passion that was going on
 in September 1995 in relation to the Gustafsen Lake dispute. Things had
 calmed down. The lynch mob had gone home and had a good night's sleep,
 apparently the judges actually looked at the law to some extent and found:
 "My God, there's a prima facie case here." In consequence of that they
 invited me to place before the Court on behalf of the traditionalist
 Indians as contrasted with the Indian Act collaborators, the law
 substantiating native sovereignty.
  S.I.S.I.S.: You were also vindicated by a ruling of the Upper Canada Law
 Society. Might that also have had an effect.?
  Clark: Without question. On September 12, 1995 after the Chief Justice made
 his disparaging comment about the preposterousness of the suggestion that
 the Court might not have jurisdiction, on August 14 the registrar of the
 SCC reported me to the Law Society of Upper Canada with a view to getting
 me disbarred for even having suggested this. Subsequently the Law Society
 held that my point of law was well taken, was certainly arguable, that the
 courts should address the law rather than stonewall it, and that in any
 event the allegation of genocide being conducted against the native peoples
 was valid - that everyone knows that genocide has and is occurring in this
 country.
  S.I.S.I.S.: The decision of the Supreme Court of Canada on September 12,
 1995, was that the issue of jurisdiction had not yet been dealt with by the
 courts below in British Columbia. They [the SCC] could not therefore deal
 with the issue and instructed you to return to BC, is that correct?
  Clark: That's exactly right. The Supreme Court of Canada on September 12,
 1995 confirmed that the Delgamuukw case was not relevant to the court
 jurisdiction issue. Now when I go back to BC such as in the Gustafsen Lake
 trial the judge and legal system there is willfully blind to what the
 Supreme Court of Canada has said. The reasons cited by Justice Bruce
 Josephson [Gustafsen Lake trial judge BC Supreme Court] for his assumption
 that the Courts do have jurisdiction was that the issue was resolved in the
 Delgamuukw case. I placed before him the transcript of the Supreme Court of
 Canada ruling of September 12 stating the very opposite and he simply
 ignored it. He didn't cite it, he didn't refer to it, he just simply
 entered into a state of psychological denial. You can't get a more black
 and white situation than the September 12 ruling of the Supreme Court of
 Canada establishing that Delgamuukw is irrelevant to the court jurisdiction
 question. Regardless of that, the people at Gustafsen Lake are convicted on
 the basis of Delgamuukw.
  S.I.S.I.S.: Didn't the same lawyers like Stuart Rush who argued against you
 in the Supreme Court of Canada that Delgamuukw didn't deal with court
 jurisdiction argue back in BC that Delgamuukw had dealt with the issue?
  Clark: Yes they argued that. Privately, in the RCMP notes, dealing with
 Stuart Rush, it's interesting, one of the conditions Mr. Rush stipulated
 for working for the RCMP was that the RCMP not make it known he was giving
 them this advice. It's really so tawdry and sneaky and vicious in every
 respect.
  S.I.S.I.S.: You've also been at work in the United States. In New York
 state there's been a lot of activity in the area of native rights regarding
 taxation. Can you tell us what the latest is there.
  Clark: It's interesting. In New York I've been contacted fairly recently by
 descendants of the Mohegans who were originally involved in the 1704 case
 which established the principle of native sovereignty so far as it
 precludes court jurisdiction.
  S.I.S.I.S.: That's the Mohegans v Connecticut case?
  Clark: Yes. Actually the Mohegans' traditional territory was the Hudson
 River drainage basin. That was its central core. In consequence of the
 European invasion some of their nation or separate bands relocated to
 Connecticut and hence we have the precedent Mohegan Indians v Connecticut.
 Some stayed in what is now New York state and those are the ones for whom
 I'm now acting. Significant portions of New York remain unsurrendered
 Indian country including interestingly the statue of Liberty.
  S.I.S.I.S.: Ellis Island?
  Clark: Ellis Island. And that's being litigated in the Supreme Court of the
 United States on behalf of the Mohegans intervening in the US Supreme Court
 relative to Ellis Island and the statue of Liberty. Making the identical
 point, interestingly enough, for which I was assaulted and jailed for
 having made in British Columbia in Judge Friesen's hysterical court.
  S.I.S.I.S.: So far then obviously the US courts have been somewhat better
 than the British Columbia courts?
  Clark: Well to this point. For example the Supreme Court of New York is
 listening to me and receiving arguments from me pro hac vice - which means
 even though I'm not a member of the bar of the state of New York, the
 judges so far seem willing and interested in hearing the law upon which
 I've done my doctorate and upon which I've a measure of expertise.
 Contrasted of course in Canada where the judges will not listen to me and
 use, as an excuse, the fact the bar associations in some provinces will not
 grant me occasional appearance certificates. And the bar associations won't
 grant me occasional appearance certificates because they feel I'm being
 insulting to the judges by telling them they don't have jurisdiction.
 Basically it's just a conspiracy between the bench and bar to preclude the
 law from being heard by exorcising its messenger.
  S.I.S.I.S.: We wanted to know where those American cases were at because I
 suspect that once the authorities grasp the significance of the challenge
 you pose, you may very well see the same sort of reaction develop.
  Clark: Well it's very interesting and you're right, we will find out. It is
 conceivable that the United States, at least northeastern United States,
 the older portion of it may be a more mature rule of law society than
 British Columbia. It is conceivable they may not go into a hysterical mode
 but will actually address the law and apply it and if need be amend it.
 Without ignoring it. We don't know. Right now it looks much more promising
 than it does in British Columbia. So far at least the first reaction of the
 judges in New York has not been to shoot the messenger.
  S.I.S.I.S.: Or worse. Death threats to "kill this Clark and smear the prick
 and everyone associated with him" were attributed to the Gustafsen Lake
 RCMP Commander Superintendent Len Olfert.
  Clark: It's conceivable that the remark was made figuratively not literally.
  S.I.S.I.S.: Let us hope so, but the trial also revealed that police had
 identified a number of "hardliners that may require killing". The words,
 actions and intentions of the authorities were and are distinctly sinister
 as regards the indigenous sovereignty struggle.
  Clark: There's absolutely no question about sinister. They consciously and
 actively worked to stonewall the law.
  S.I.S.I.S.: And kill 18 people on their own unceded Sundance grounds.
  Clark: I think essentially they were indifferent to that. If that had not
 been an incident of them asserting their jurisdiction I don't know if they
 would have been unduly upset by it.
  S.I.S.I.S.: Dr. Clark thank you for this . We will continue to follow these
 matters and we wish you well in the days to come.
 
 For further information:
 On the Delgamuukw case: http://kafka.uvic.ca/~vipirg/SISIS/Clark/scchoax.html
 Transcripts of the Sept. 12, 1995 appeal:
         http://kafka.uvic.ca/~vipirg/SISIS/Clark/sep12scc.html
 Judge Josephson's reasons for judgment in the Gustafsen Lake trial:
         Colour of Right: http://kafka.uvic.ca/~vipirg/SISIS/court/reascol.html
         Jurisdiction:  http://kafka.uvic.ca/~vipirg/SISIS/court/reas_jur.html
 Bruce Clark archives: http://kafka.uvic.ca/~vipirg/SISIS/Clark/main.html
 Bruce Clark: Box 140, 39 Murray Road, Robinsonville, New Brunswick, Canada
 E0K 1E0
         Fax: (506) 753-7310
 :-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:
     S.I.S.I.S.   Settlers In Support of Indigenous Sovereignty
         P.O. Box 8673, Victoria, "B.C." "Canada" V8X 3S2
                ==>>NEW EMAIL : <sisis@envirolink.org>
         WWW: http://kafka.uvic.ca/~vipirg/SISIS/SISmain.html
     SOVERNET-L is a news-only listserv concerned with indigenous
     sovereigntist struggles around the world.  To subscribe, send
     "subscribe sovernet-l" in the body of an email message to
                      <majordomo@speakeasy.org>
           For more information on sovernet-l, contact S.I.S.I.S.
 
 --------- "RE: Review Project" ---------
 
 Date: Mon, 23 Jun 1997 14:48:46 -0400
 From: H-Net Review Project <books@h-net.msu.edu
 Subj: Review: Native Residential Schools (fwd)
 
 Mailing List:    H-REVIEW <H-REVIEW@h-net.msu.edu
 
 H-NET BOOK REVIEW Published by H-Canada@h-net.msu.edu (March, 1997)
 
 Miller, J. R. _Shingwauk's Vision: A History of Native Residential Schools_
 Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1996. xiii + 582 pp. Notes,
 bibliography, maps, photographs, and index. $70.00 (cloth), ISBN 0-8020-
 0833-X; $29.95 (paper), ISBN 0-8020-7858-3.
 
 Reviewed for H-Canada by Ken Coates <kcoates@waikato.ac.nz, University of
 Waikato (New Zealand)
 
   The headlines are among the most sensational and disturbing in recent
 years in Canada. In court cases, testimony before government commissions,
 literature and public speeches, First Nations people in Canada have
 recounted their experiences in residential schools. These educational
 institutions, designed as instruments of "civilization" and training,
 became powerful tools of cultural destruction, language suppression and
 personal torment. In recent years, media attention has focused on examples
 of sexual abuse and brutality, documented in frightening detail by the
 survivors of the residential school experience. The recent Royal
 Commission on Aboriginal Peoples listened to many First Nations speakers
 as they recounted their stories, and included a detailed examination of
 residential schools in their final report.
   For many years, First Nations people in Canada described the cultural
 and social mistreatment that they experienced at the hands of religious
 and government school officials and attempted to convince Canadians of the
 long-term effects of the residential school experience on their lives and
 their communities. Few non-Natives paid much attention to their criticisms.
 Education was, after all, one of the "good things" that governments did
 for indigenous peoples, the foundation of the First Nations meager
 economic prosperity and their hope for the future. Only a handful of
 Canadians had more than an inkling of the deep-seated hostility and anger
 that First Nations had for the residential schools.
   Save for a few ardent defenders of the residential schools, few
 Canadians continue to hold to that view. What has often been described as
 the "mission-school syndrome" is now well known across the country. _
 Shingwauk's Vision_ (the title refers to the effort of Chief Shingwauk to
 bring Anglican missionary services and education to his people, in the
 hope that it would enrich the lives of the Ojibwa) is not an attempt to
 raise the temperature in an already heated debate. It does provide an
 explanation for the angers and frustrations of former students and their
 parents. What the book does offer is even more important--a balanced,
 carefully considered and scholarly appraisal of an important and intrusive
 colonial institution. Historian J. R. Miller has stepped into a debate
 that is inflamed by the passions of contemporary indigenous politics, the
 pain of personal experience, and the rationalizations of the church and
 government organizations. This is difficult ground, since the
 controversies surrounding residential school education in Canada reveal
 the degree to which indigenous history, in particular, remains contested
 territory. Few historians could have handled this challenge with more
 compassion, caution and insight.
   The history of Native residential schools in Canada is told in three
 sections. In the first, "Establishing the Residential School System,"
 Miller examines the nature of indigenous education, and recounts the
 origins of the residential school system in Canada. He follows the trail
 through the hitherto little known developments in New France, experiments
 in British North America, and the expansion of the residential school
 concept across the new nation of Canada from the 1880s to the 1920s. The
 account focuses primarily on the objectives of the missionary and
 government agencies involved with setting up the early residential
 schools; few accounts of students' experiences survived. What is available,
 however, is used to illustrate the continuity between early developments
 and twentieth-century activities--particularly indigenous dissatisfaction
 with the educational initiatives and cultural structurings built into the
 school system.
   The heart of the book rests in the second section, "Experiencing
 Residential Schools," which focuses on twentieth-century developments.
 Here Miller draws on a judicious balance of written (largely government)
 sources and oral testimony from former students and teachers. While he
 gives fair attention to government priorities and objectives--previously
 the central focus of historical work on residential schools--Miller
 devotes much of this segment to a study of the students' experiences. The
 chapters on "Abuse" and "Resistance" are particularly compelling. The
 author, obviously confronted with disturbing accounts of violence and
 sexual assault, works to keep the experiences in perspective and to
 provide a convincing analysis while not losing sight of the personal
 suffering encapsulated in the stories. Miller provides a compelling and
 disturbing account of the nature and extent of violence and abuse--
 teachers and supervisors toward students and student to student--that was
 often a big part of life in the residential schools. The discussion of
 resistance is of particular importance, for it illustrates the degree to
 which First Nations students and parents protested conditions in the
 schools--while often still supporting the concept of Canadian education--
 and their often futile attempts to gain government attention. Miller does
 not pull punches in his descriptions--one male supervisor at a
 Saskatchewan school is described as a "monster"--and the accompanying
 account reveals the accuracy of the word (p. 327)--but even this account
 is not overwhelmed by the emotional situation.
   Part Three offers an assessment of the final years of the Native
 residential school program and an analysis of the meaning and contemporary
 significance of the residential school experience in Canada. "An
 Assessment" provides an excellent discussion of the historical processes
 involved with residential schools, including government-missionary
 motivation, First Nations response, pedagogical elements, and long-term
 social and cultural impacts. This survey provides a concise overview of
 the book's main themes and a very insightful analysis of the lingering
 effects of residential school education on First Nations relations with
 other Canadians. It is the best short summary of the significance of the
 residential school education available. Of particular note is the final
 section of the chapter, which offers a compelling discussion of the
 question of the moral and practical responsibility for the legacy of the
 residential schools. Miller argues that Canadians have a continuing and
 unresolved collective responsibility for dealing with the fall-out of the
 educational experiments. He ends his book with the cautionary note that
 contemporary political leaders have not yet surrendered the paternalistic
 impulses that underlay the residential school initiative.
   While it is important to note that _Shingwauk's Vision_ provides a great
 deal of historical background to the claims and accusations of
 contemporary First Nations people, the greatest strength of the book lies
 elsewhere. Native residential schools were comprehensive institutions, in
 that they sought to control all aspects of the students' lives. By moving
 beyond the important but more sensational elements--violence, sexual abuse,
 suppression of indigenous languages--Miller provides an excellent means of
 understanding the long-term impact of the government-funded schools. His
 study of the relationship between gender and education provides useful
 insights into the differential impact of residential schools on boys and
 girls, and an introduction to European concepts of gender differences to
 First Nations children. Similarly, Miller offers a detailed examination of
 the work conducted by residential school students--often involving more
 time than classroom instruction--and the social and recreational
 activities offered after hours. The chapter entitled "Child Care" provides
 an excellent description of the institutional life within residential
 schools. Collectively, Miller's account illustrates the pervasive impact
 of residential school education on the children that passed through the
 institutions and provides an excellent examination of the lasting social,
 cultural and emotional effects of government-sponsored education.
   Miller draws from a wide and diverse range of sources. He makes good use
 of well-known government collections, and draws extensively on the
 available historiography. To a degree that still remains rare, he makes
 effective use of major missionary collections and explores little-used
 materials in a variety of other repositories. Most significantly, Miller
 collected oral testimony from many people, most of them former students of
 the residential schools. Teachers and school administrators may argue
 (they have done so in many other instances) that they were not interviewed
 as extensively as the students, but their thoughts and experiences are far
 better recorded in the written record than are those of the students.
 Miller also kept a close eye on contemporary media coverage of the
 residential school experience, and used the material generated to good
 effect, in framing and explaining historical developments.
   This is a book with few shortcomings. A set of useful maps is provided
 and numerous photographs--most of them are of the official variety,
 showing staged, well scrubbed students--are included in the text. Each
 chapter in the "Experiencing Residential Schools" begins and ends with an
 extended quote from a First Nations student, offering readers the words
 and sentiments that, until recently, went largely unheard. Miller might
 have devoted a little more time to describing the relationship between the
 residential schools and the dozens of day schools operated by the Canadian
 government and missionary organizations. After all, more First Nations
 students attended the day schools than the high profile residential
 schools. And, there is perhaps not enough about the motivations of the
 school workers; their devotion to their cause is a matter of considerable
 significance in understanding the evolution and impact of the schools. The
 lack of systematic analysis to the missionaries and teachers remains a
 significant historiographical gap. Finally, Miller follows the well
 established Canadian tradition of exploring the developments in a national
 context. Some attention should have been paid, even if only in summary
 form, to the comparable developments in the education of indigenous
 peoples in other countries. This broader, comparative perspective would
 have strengthened an already strong book.
   _Shingwauk's Vision_ is a wonderful example of the historian's craft.
 Miller has combined a strong narrative thread, drawn largely on the
 administrative and policy history of residential school education in
 Canada, with well chosen accounts of experiences of students and teachers.
 The study is engaging, well written and insightful. It does not shy away
 from contemporary public debates--Miller's position on the current issues
 is made abundantly clear--but nor do these discussions dominate or direct
 the analysis. This is not polemic masquerading as history, but rather a
 sound, systematic and thorough examination of an issue of vital
 contemporary importance. The debate that must and will continue about the
 impact of residential school education on First Nations people in Canada
 will be much stronger with Miller's timely contribution.
 
 Copyright (c) 1997 by H-Net, all rights reserved. This work may be copied for
 non-profit education if proper credit is given to the author and the list. For
 other permission, please contact h-net@h-net@msu.edu.
 
 --------- "RE: Weavers and Cagers" ---------
 
 Date: Mon, 7 Jul 1997 17:18:16 -0700 (PDT)
 From: ishgooda@tdi.net
 Subj: WEAVERS AND CAGERS, by Nicolette
 
 Mailing List:    TRIBALLAW (triballaw@thecity.sfsu.edu)
 
 My apologies as I know the following will appear as *off topic*...but it
 almost seems to say what we have all BEEN saying...so I offer it for your
 enjoyment, scrutiny, groans or trash..<g>
 Ish
 
 WEAVERS AND CAGERS
   Once in time there were a people who were Weavers.  When a child was born
 one of his hairs was woven into the Great Tapestry and as he grew he was
 taught to collect bits of items that were important to him, and he was
 shown how to form the pictures that carried the messages of his living,
 into the Great Tapestry.  Weavers treasured experiences as each experience
 gave them an opportunity to offer a picture to the Tapestry.  When an
 important event occurred all the people wove together and Readers told the
 stories so each generation would  understand the celebrations to honor
 past events.  All Weavers did not live in the same place.  There were
 hundreds of group and each tended a Great Tapestry.  Weaving was sacred
 work.
   In another land the Cagers lived.  From the time a child was born he was
 taught that everything was dangerous unless it was in a cage.  As he grew
 he was taught what to make cages out of and what to put in the cages. 
 Cagers feared uncaged things so much they even put themselves in cages. 
 In fact, a person was judged by the type of cage he lived in.  The most
 honored had the largest and most decorated cages.  Cage building was
 sacred work.
   One day while looking for materials some young Cagers came to the land
 of the Weavers.  They were excited to see so much available building
 materials and were also frightened because they saw no cages and knew they
 were not safe.
   Now begins a time when battles and conflicts between the Weavers and
 Cagers filled everyone's days and nights and we will go forward to the
 moment when the Cagers learned about the Great Tapestries.  The Cagers
 concluded that the strength of the Weavers was contained in the Tapestries.
  If the Tapestries were destroyed, the Weavers would loose their unity of
 purpose and be easy to conquer.  The Tapestries were stolen, destroyed or
 damaged and the Cagers controlled the land.  To ensure that the Weavers
 would not cause problems in the future, children were taught that Weaving
 was dangerous and small minded and Caging was holy and safe.  Cager
 thinking was rewarded and Weaver thinking was punished.  Laws were written
 to abolish the attempt of anyone who prevented cage building.  On a social
 level people who didn't want to build or lacked building skills were
 ridiculed or shunned.
   After hundreds of years there were still Weavers and there were still
 Cagers, but now there were also  many in between and the land was covered
 with cages.  Some Cagers felt comfortable that they could use whatever
 land was left anytime they want to and some Cagers felt uncomfortable
 because they were running out of building materials and room to build.  It
 was at this time a group of Weavers came forward and demanded all
 Tapestries that had been taken during the conquest be returned.  The
 Tapestries that were kept by the Cagers were only frayed, tattered bits of
 the originals and some of the Cagers agreed thinking it couldn't hurt and
 some agreed thinking it could help and some refused to release the
 fragments from their safe glass cages.  In the end it was decided that the
 Tapestries would not be released but weaving would be legal - with
 contingencies:
         o       Weaving could only be done in areas assigned by Cagers
         o       Materials used for cages could not be used for weaving or
                 for looms without permission.
         o       etc.
   In short, weaving was legal as long as it didn't interfere with cage
 building, or look like it had the potential to interfere in future cage
 building.
   Tapestries that had been kept hidden and worked on for hundreds of years
 were brought out and displayed.  Everyone one who saw a Tapestry was
 affected and there were so many, that a person could spend a life just in
 categorizing which group of Weavers worked a particular Tapestry.  People
 were amazed at their beauty and wanted to know as much about the
 Tapestries as they could.  The study of Tapestry seemed to become more
 important than weaving and being the owner of a piece of tapestry was a
 status symbol. Soon, a great many people claimed to own or to be related
 to someone who owned an original piece of Tapestry..
   The Tapestry Industry grew.  At first, a good copy would bring in as
 much money as an original because most people could not tell the
 difference - but experts in Tapestry Categorization could. The
 Categorizers made money selling books that claimed to teach the difference.
  Since a lot of these books stated that all Tapestries were a forgery
 except for what the author offered, people wanted more assurance that what
 they owned was authentic.
   The Cagers appointed trusted Categorizers to search the land and
 document each authentic Tapestry and list the names of those who could
 prove they contributed to the weaving.  Each listed person was given a
 number to use along with the Tapestry they made for public sale.  The list
 was published and considered final.  People didn't really read the lists,
 just knowing the information was locked up safe in a book allowed them to
 spend their money in peace.  It didn't matter that many Tapestries were
 not found and documented and it didn't matter that many who claimed to be
 listed were not.
   Eventually, the glory of owning a bit of Tapestry faded because anyone
 could have a piece - BUT  not everyone was a Weaver.  And people came to
 learn Weaving.  They brought gifts and money and promises hoping to take
 in a few quick lessons and have themselves declared Weavers.  What the
 Seekers expected was a painless exchange, what they got was scrutinized,
 interrogated and tested by the general population of that particular group
 of Weavers before they were even considered to be considered. 
 Recreational Seekers left right away.  Those who were driven by stronger
 forces stayed and if accepted, were finally introduced to the Carekeeper
 of the Tapestry.
   Some Carekeepers turned their backs on all Cagers thinking The Fear of
 Uncaged Things was a highly contagious disease and would destroy all
 Natural Weavers if they were exposed to it. Some thought that anyone with
 Weaver blood was immune to the Fear.  Some accepted only those who
 displayed Weaver characteristics.  And some relied on the wonderment of
 the Tapestry to make a final choice and accepted anyone who came to them. 
 If the Carekeeper found the Seeker acceptable he then determined if the
 Seeker was infected by the Fear of Uncaged Things, and If the Seeker was,
 the Tapestry Reader determined what endeavors were necessary to rid the
 person of their fear. If the Seeker completed the given assignments they
 were finally presented to the Teacher of Weaving Techniques.  The entire
 process took years.
   Each year more and more Seekers sought the Carekeepers until it became
 obvious to Weaver and Cager that Seeking was an important activity.  Once
 again Categorizers were sent.  They came back with lists. There were the
 Visuals, those that displayed Weaver ancestry, but for one reason or
 another, grew up in Cager society.  Some Visuals demanded personal
 retribution for never being allowed to weave.  Some declared themselves
 Teachers of Weaving Techniques by Default and sold information to many
 seekers.  Some Visuals just wanted to go home.
   Then there were the People of Choice - those who did not display their
 Weaver ancestry, but turned away from their Cager ancestry.  Some were
 raised as Weavers and wanted recognition, some were raised as Cagers but
 were not infected by the Fear of Uncaged Things and they sought a place of
 comfort.
   There were also Seekers who sought understanding.
   The Categorizers published their lists and up popped the Suppliers.
   "Don't have a lifetime to spend learning to Weave?  We'll teach you in a
 week-end!"
   "Can't find a group of Weavers that will accept you?  We'll create our
 own!" "Your best friend would mistake you for a Weaver in our Weaver
 outfits!" "Learn to style your hair the way the Weavers do!" "Make your
 own authentic Weaver jewelry!"
   Whatever was needed there was someone to sell it.
   There is another category that the Categorizers missed and they always
 seem to miss them because these people are everywhere yet they do not
 bring very much attention to themselves. They do not seek or sell.  They
 offer what is needed when it is needed.  They listen and comfort and care
 and every chance they get they  - talk to a tree, sing their prayers,
 dance with the wind, hug their lawns, glory in the storms, laugh loud, 
 cry deeply,  fight for gentleness, play with babies, use their strength to
 protect, and demand that everyone be allowed to feel comfortable being who
 they are.
 
 --------- "RE: Three NAJA Awards" ---------
 
 Date: Mon, 7 Jul 1997 10:33:59 -0400 (EDT)  
 From: Native Americas Journal  
 Subj: "Native Americas" wins three NAJA awards
 
   UUCP email
 
 For Immediate Release
 
 Date:   July 1, 1997
 Contact:        Tim Johnson
 Office: (607) 254-4955  phone
 Fax:    (607) 255-0185  fax
 E-mail: rj16@cornell.edu
 Cornell's Native Americas Journal Wins Three Awards At Native American
 Journalist's Association's 1997 Conference
   ITHACA, N.Y. --  For the second year in a row, Native Americas Journal,
 the critically acclaimed publication of Akwe:kon Press at Cornell
 University's American Indian Program, took home top honors for General
 Excellence Magazine from the Native American Journalists Association's
 annual awards competition.  This year it shared the top prize with Tribal
 Colleges magazine.
   In addition, Native Americas was awarded first place for Best Editorial,
 a column by James Treat calling for reconciliation and understanding
 between traditional and Christian Indians, entitled "On Laughing and
 Praying," and also received a Special Citation for an article by newly
 enrolled American Indian Program graduate student Kallen Martin that
 detailed the issue of New York State's attempts to tax Indian nations,
 entitled "Indians Not Taxed: Will Sovereignty Survive?"
   "We are delighted with these honors from our peers," said Dr. Jose
 Barreiro, associate director for extension at the American Indian Program.
 "Increasingly, Native Americas is being recognized for its deep
 understandings of the pertinent issues, trends and historical and cultural
 Indian contexts throughout the Western Hemisphere.  The Journal's content
 and presentation benefits substantially from an editorial group that
 possesses real community development experience.  Whether in the United
 States, Canada, Mexico, Guatemala, Peru, Brazil, Cuba or elsewhere, we
 have our eyes and minds on the Indian heartbeat."
   James Treat's award-winning column, "On Laughing and Praying," draws
 attention to the labels both Native and non-Native people use to create
 categories of spiritual identity that often place Christianized Indians at
 the center of criticism and intertribal jokes.  In identifying some of the
 positive roles Christian institutions often play in Indian communities he
 writes, "Christian liturgical forms can facilitate community
 reconciliation and allow for the fulfillment of ceremonial obligations." 
 Treat, who is assistant professor of American Studies and assistant
 director of the Native American Studies Center at the University of New
 Mexico, writes that within the Indian context, "Our world will move a
 little closer to the justice and peace that so many religious people are
 praying for when we learn to reach across our differences-cultural,
 political, even religious-and begin laughing with, not at, each other." 
 With eloquence and penetrating insight, his column, featured in the
 Journal's Last Words department, helped to articulate the powerful
 realities of Indian spiritual diversity that are rarely expressed.
   Kallen Martin's article, "Indians Not Taxed: Will Sovereignty Survive?,"
 was honored with a Special Citation.  The NAJA judges drew special
 attention to this article because they felt is was: "an extraordinary and
 comprehensive magazine-length story, impossible to compare with the
 newspaper entries in news or feature writing categories.  'Indians Not
 Taxed' brings forward an important public policy issue for Native and non-
 Native readers.  It is an impressive service to journalism."
   Conceptualized and edited by Tim Johnson, executive manager of Native
 Americas, and Dr. Barreiro, Martin's article reported the many faces of
 the taxation issue-from the external trends and movements of a
 conservative Congress and Supreme Court to the internal Indian struggles
 for power as tribal governments are torn in different directions regarding
 how best to preserve their historic sovereign powers and authorities. 
 Equally evident in the article is the internal Indian debate over economic
 futures,  between socialistic and capitalistic forms of economic
 development.
   "The taxation article proves how important Native Americas can be as a
 policy tool for Indian leadership," said Barreiro.  "Indian nations in
 differing states need to understand how they often share the same problems
 and struggles, and how at times collective strategies and responses can
 assist them in retaining their rights."
   "Chronic social and political dysfunctions can paralyze Indian
 communities when processes for open dialogue and democracy are thwarted."
 said Johnson. "As we continue to follow the tax issue as it unfolds we
 realize the implication that strong Indian governments are strong
 negotiators that can find creative solutions for all sectors within their
 communities.  We've seen some very encouraging developments since this
 first feature by Kallen was published-developments we will continue to
 report in Native Americas."
   Since publishing its first issue two years ago Native Americas Journal
 has garnered widespread attention.  Conceptualized by Barreiro and Johnson,
 it has consistently communicated information of substance on the issues
 and events that most dramatically affect Native Americans.  Its in-depth
 coverage of Indian issues such as casino gaming, taxation, and federal
 trust responsibilities, has drawn praise from educators, development
 professionals and policy-makers.  The journal routinely features overviews
 of national trends impacting Indian life in any country in the hemisphere
 where Indian peoples live and work to maintain their land, rights,
 freedoms and values. The journal also goes one step further by bringing
 its readers inside the social, cultural, political and intellectual
 workings and debates of the Indian Nations themselves.
   Also, on July 7, 1997, Native Americas is launching its electronic
 extension, Native Americas ON-LINE.  Individuals and institutional
 subscribers can now opt to receive an electronic version of the journal
 at: http://nativeamericas.aip.cornell.edu .  Designed by Brendan White,
 editorial assistant and computer technician at Akwe:kon Press, Native
 Americas ON-LINE will provide global access to one of Cornell's most
 prominent and highly respected publications -- dramatically increasing the
 reach and impact of the American Indian Program's communication and
 extension efforts.
   "The potentials for this unique, entertaining and yet education journal,
 Native Americas, are tremendous," said Johnson.  "We've only scratched the
 surface of a very deep Indian world.  As we gain the resources required to
 expand our research, explorations and documentations, we will further
 communicate that Indian soul of the Americas, in all its manifestations,
 in ways that enrich us all."
   The Native American Journalists Association conference was held at the
 Regal Minneapolis Hotel in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on June 18-21, 1997.
 ===========================================================================
                              NATIVE AMERICAS
                   Akwe:kon's Journal of Indigenous Issues
 Brendan White
 Editorial Assistant
 Native Americas Magazine
 Akwe:kon Press
 Cornell University
 300 Caldwell Hall
 Ithaca, New York 14853
 Tel.      607.255.4308
           800.9.NATIVE
 Fax.      607.255.0185
 E-mail.   bfw2@cornell.edu
           native_americas@cornell.edu
 Internet  http://nativeamericas.aip.cornell.edu
 
 --------- "RE: A Hundred Years Ago" ---------
 
 Date: Sun, 6 Jul 1997 00:52:52 -0700
 From: Landis <landis@EPIX.NET>
 Subj: A Hundred Years Ago - Week 10
 
 Mailing List:    NAT-FILM <NAT-FILM@MAELSTROM.STJOHNS.EDU>
                 [Editorial Note: These reprints are being included in this
                  newsletter so that you might know the mind of those who
                  ran institutions like Carlisle.]
 
 THE INDIAN HELPER
         ====================================
                PRINTED EVERY FRIDAY
                      --AT THE--
          Indian Industrial School, Carlisle, Pa.,
                     BY INDIAN BOYS.
           ---> THE INDIAN HELPER is PRINTED by Indian
          boys, but EDITED by The man-on-the band-stand
         who is NOT an Indian.
          ---------------------------------------------
            P R I C E: --10 C E N T S  A  Y E A R
          =============================================
         Entered in the P.O. at Carlisle as second
         class mail matter.
         =============================================
            Address INDIAN HELPER, Carlisle, Pa.
                           Miss M. Burgess, Manager.
         =============================================
          Do not hesitate to take the HELPER from the
         Post Office for if you have not paid for it
          some one else has.  It is paid for in advance.
          ==============================================
         VOL. XII.   FRIDAY, July 9, 1897    NUMBER 39
         ==============================================
 
       NORTHFIELD AGAIN.
          ----------
   It has become a settled custom for our Young Men's Christian
 Association to have its representatives at the World's Student's
 Conference which meets yearly at Northfield, under the inspiring
 leadership of Mr. Moody.
   This year the plans were laid broader than usual and ten men were
 sent.
   To make the trip economical the boys decided to "camp out."  A large
 tent was taken with them and we have the pleasure of reporting the
 matter a delightful experience, a great success.
   The boys left Carlisle, June 24, reaching Northfield on June 25th,
 going into camp by Saturday.
   The trip to New York and up the Sound to New London on the steamer
 "Worcester" was novel and instructive to the boys.
   A little glimpse of Broadway and Wall Street, a short pause at Trinity
 Church was all of New York we had time to see.
   The boys stood for a moment by the grave of brave Lawrence who was
 killed in the sea fight between the "Chesapeake" and the "Shannon"
 during the War of 1812.  "Don't give up the ship," read upon his tomb
 had a deeper meaning to these young men, as they are trying to hold on
 to the ropes and stays of a new, a strange and almost indefinable
 civilization.
   They visited the statue of Nathaniel Hale, the patriot who died
 regretting that he had but one life to give up for his country.
   As the boat steamed around from North to East river and the Sound, and
 as the twilight deepened into night over the busy scene all were content
 to remain silent.  It is a scene, the blending of the wonders of God's
 and man's works never to be forgotten.
   The Conference opened on Friday night with a most eloquent and
 spiritual sermon to the young men on "Choosing a Vocation" by Dr. Henry
 Van Dyke, of New York City.
   It is impossible to quote from it.
   It was all gems in a setting of gems.
   Whatever the vocation chosen, it must have God in it, or it is chosen
 in vain, was the message.
   On the following day he gave us another that will make the Bible and
 Christ nearer and dearer to us.  The theme was "The Bible with Christ
 out of it."  No man can take Christ out of Christianity any more than he
 can take the heart out of the body.  Human origin is a vision of human
 sin and suffering.  Take out the ray of Christ-light and what is left is
 sin, shame, condemnation, silent scorn.  Christ is what makes the Bible
 the God-like creation that it is.
   On Saturday, the Missionary Institute, the Workers Training Class, the
 Bible Study department and the Y.M.C.A. Worker's conferences were
 satisfactorily started, and our delegates each found his place and hard
 work to follow and note all the helpful things that came to us from men
 of deep Christian experience and consecration.  We are stronger and
 better and wiser for it all.
   The HELPER has not room for even a hint of the souls lift to Mt.
 Pisgah reached in all this effort to track our young college students
 (on the part of veterans in the lines of Christian work), their duties
 and responsibilities in winning and holding the educational institutions
 of the world for Christ.
   On Saturday and Sunday, Mr. Moody gave a series of thrilling talks on
 the Commandments.
   There is never a wavering or uncertain note about him.  What he says
 you understand, and his logic is irresistible. God's word means to him
 just what it says.  One God, and Him to serve, no desecration of the
 Sabbath.  Know your Bible and God's way for man. The bicycle and trolley
 have no place for Sunday pleasure.  If we are to be guided by God, we
 must live near Him, heed Him, clear our minds, hearts and lives, of
 sin.  It was such a series of appeals as carries conviction with it, and
 no one hearing them can again voluntarily live below his better self.
 We thank God anew for a Moody, a prophet of this generation.
                                 B.
 ==================================================================
   Miss Lydia Smith who went home recently, writes that she arrived
 safely.
   Twenty-five cents will pay for a SOUVENIR of the Carlisle Indian
 School, post paid or FREE for TEN subscriptions and two cents for
 postage.
   Neatly printed invitations and programs of the Commencement exercises
 of the Klamath Agency School, Oregon have been received for June 25th
 and 26th.
   Philip Lavata, a former typo of Carlisle School, has a good position
 with a civil engineering party who are surveying for a large irrigating
 canal on Ft. Hall Reservation.
   Miss Reeside writes from her field of labor among the Kiowa Indians
 that Julia Given, ex-pupil, has been recently married to a young man by
 the name of George Hunter.  We wish them a happy and successful career.
   Those who have gone home since the last issue are Clark Smith, Joseph
 Adams, Frank Crouse, Allen Blackchief, Henry Redkettle, Samuel Lonebear,
 Peter Chiefeagle Shield, Thunderbull, Wesley Williams, Daniel Brown,
 Charles Fineday, Kirkwood Smith, E. Ricker, Bedford Forrest, Joseph
 West, Thos. Flynn, Joseph Craig, Chris. Fletcher, Louis Quarters, Peter
 Nahmais, Amos Metoxen, Elijah Wheelock, Josiah Archiquette, Brigman
 Cornelius, Samuel Miller, Charles Yarlot, Jack Stewart, Thomas Stewart,
 Daniel Morrison, Joseph Ezhuna, George Frass, Chester Smith, Henry
 Decorah, Andrew Blackcloud, George Suis, Joshua Walker, Edgar McCarthy,
 Carl Sweezy, William Kernosh, Fred Doaskado, Hugh Leider, Samuel Gruett,
 Peter Dillon, Abraham Lonebear, Phillip Marshall, Harry Marshall, Arthur
 Sickles, Joel Moore, Alexander Baird, Willie Couture, Thomas Smith,
 Frank Cajune, Johnson Spencer, William Greenbird, Joseph Blodgett,
 Jennie Lovejoy, Mary Cutfoot, Hattie Eaglehorn, Martha Walker, Annie
 McMillen, Mary Shebwasang, Angeline Chippewa, Mary Beaulieu, Tenie
 Wirth, Lizzie Howard, Rose Denomie, Ida Wheelock, Kitty Metoxen, Lavinia
 Adams, Lillie Schanandore, Melinda Metoxen, Melinda Thomas, Ophelia
 King, Sophy Huff, Leila Cornelius, Olive Miller, Grace Redeagle, Alice
 Sheffield, and Sarah Roubideaux.
    ---------------------------------------------------------------
   Great Freedom's birthday was celebrated at the Carlisle Indian School
 on Monday.  A trolley ride for the morning and a display of fireworks
 for the evening were the day's program which proved a success.  The
 Captain took his troop of dusky boys and girls for an outing at the
 "Boiling Springs", a pretty little place with bubbling water from which
 it derives its name, some six miles away from the school.  Waving the
 Stars and Stripes they sang very appropriately
 "My Country 'tis of thee. * * * *
 "Land where my fathers died,
 "Land of the Pilgrims pride,
 "From every mountain side
 "Let freedom ring."
   To at least one Indian heart this particular occasion came with
 irresistible force.  The transformation of the Carlisle children from
 barbarism to the ways of a civilized race seemed in itself a
 demonstration most proper for Liberty's day.  They show that the
 offspring of a poor silent, despairing race can be taught by kindness to
 hope and trust again.  God grant that this joyous singing of the
 children is none other than a fore-runner of a near future when the
 little band shall swell to the entire Indian race and with deeper,
 sweeter meaning in our hearts, we shall waft our country's praise, as
 the Red Man shall emerge from the sullen, suspicious wilds of the
 Primitive conditions into the full glory of civilization.    - L.W.
   Once upon a time in the dim (?) past, says our chronicler, four people
 went out for a drive to Mount Holly.  Nothing unusual occurred until
 that party started home on a route other than that by which they had
 come.  Ignoring the traditional method of guiding themselves by the moss
 on the trees and logs, they soon found themselves invading the private
 domains of a tiller of the soil, and before they were aware of the fact
 they were comfortably housed in the stable of the aforesaid worthy.
 What passed between the strayed party and the land "lord" we are not
 told, but it appears that the former beat an ignominious retreat.  It is
 also rumored that one of the party was somewhat unpleasantly reminded of
 the sensation which the apple of Newton felt.
   Miss Amelia Frost from Ft. Hall Reservation, Idaho, arrived at
 Carlisle on Thursday of last week with two girls from Connecticut
 Mission Home.  From her we learn that Harry Hutchinson was married to
 Mary Martin a former pupil of Ft. Hall School on Christmas Eve last, at
 the Mission.  No less than one hundred persons witnessed the impressive
 ceremony.
   Frank Jones, '97, writes from his home in Oklahoma that he has
 regained his health.
   -------------------------------------------------------------------
   Biff!
   Whizz!
   Hurrah!
   A glorious fifth.
   Thomas Marshall is the new janitor.
   The pupils had peas for dinner on Wednesday.
   The firemen's parade on Monday was a success.
   Celebration passed off without a serious accident.
   Prof. Bakeless is out visiting the boys in the country.
   Old Sol evidently rides a good bike, for he is a "scorcher."
   The calsominers are at work in the small boys' quarters.
   Louisa Giesdorf, Class '96, is in from West Chester Normal School.
   James Flannery, '94, plays with the orchestra at Boiling Springs Park.
   Mary Kadashan, an Alaskan girl, who has been living at Geneseo, N.Y.,
 has entered our school.
   Alexander Upshaw, '97, now of Bloomsburg Normal, has his old place
 again as Mrs. Given's assistant.
   Mr. Hendren, Misses Miles, Robertson and Bailey left Friday morning
 for Chautauqua to attend summer school.
   Hawley Pierce played 1st base for Mt. Holly Baseball Club in two games
 on Monday and came out victorious in both.
   All the girls who are left here went down to see the firemen's parade
 last Monday under the gentle guidance of Mr. Kensler.
   On Saturday, a party of 8 boys and 2 girls arrived from Wittenburg
 Boarding School, Wis.  The Stockbridge, Oneida, Chippewa and Winnebago
 tribes are represented.
   Miss Gertrude Simmons is the latest addition to our force of workers.
 Miss Simmons is a Sioux, seven years a student of White's Institute,
 Indiana, and of Earlham College two years, is temporarily assisting with
 the clerical work in Miss Ely's office.
   George Shelafo came very nearly having a very serious accident last
 week.  He was painting the gymnasium roof, and as he started down on the
 extension ladder, the coupling rope broke and down he came with his
 paint bucket on the gravelled bottom.  He received a few scratches on
 his face and bruised his hands and arms.  We are glad to report that he
 is around and will soon be able to work again.
   Just enough rain on Wednesday to make the air a little cooler.
   On account of a brake at the power-house the printers did some kicking
 on Thursday.
   Quite a number of boys have found employment among the neighboring
 farmers to help during harvest.
   Prof. O.H. Bakeless of Sunbury, Pa., has been recommended as chief of
 our culinary department, so says a little (Northfield) bird.
   A song service on the lawn, conducted by Dennison Wheelock, and an
 address by Capt. Pratt, was the order of exercises Sunday evening, the
 Fourth.
   Among the home goers Brigman Cornelius, '97, Henry Redkettle, '97,
 George Suis, '95, Samuel Miller, Arthur Sickles and Thomas Flynn are
 typoes.
   Miss Shaffner started out last Friday morning on her rounds among the
 240 girls who are summering on farms. Her address while absent will be
 W.C.A. B'l'd'g. 18 and Arch Sts. Phila., Pa.
   The boiler room is undergoing some repairs and in order to do it
 conveniently several holes have been made in the printing office floor.
 It can now be said that it is a "holey" place although there are still a
 few devils in the office.
   It is the custom of the Northfield Conference to have championship
 contests in baseball and other sports.  Our delegates came out second in
 baseball.  The teams that they defeated are U. of P., Haverford, Mt.
 Hermon.  Harvard defeated our boys.
   When we think of the large number of students that we usually have
 during the fall and winter, it is rather amazing to find that we have
 now only 61 large boys, 62 girls and 41 small boys making a total of 164
 present on the grounds.  506 are out on farms for the summer.
   The Y.M.C.A. delegates to the Northfield Bible Conference returned on
 Tuesday evening and Wednesday morning.  Edward Peterson left the party
 and went to visit his aunt who lives a short distance from Boston.
 Prof. Bakeless left the party in New York city.  He went to the country
 homes to visit the boys who are out.
   They had a good time and it is hoped that they will try to do as much
 as they can towards lifting the school to a higher Christian standard.
 ======================================================
 -------------------------------------------------------
         (To be continued next week.)
              =================
            THE FIRST NIGHT OUT.
                -----------
   In these days of much travel the story of a trip to the Pacific Coast
 is a very ordinary tale still should the journey be taken every month in
 the year, there would be something new and novel to relate each time.
   Miss Rote, formerly of the teachers' club, and now of the famous
 Friends' School at Westtown, Pa., met me at Harrisburg at 7:25 on
 Thursday evening July 1st, and in ten minutes we found ourselves in
 comfortable quarters in section 4, Pullman Palace Car "Stanton," with
 faces turned westward.
   The night was intensely hot and every berth in the car taken, but
 before the more than usually sprightly porter began making the beds we
 had time to look around and get silently acquainted.
   Two ladies occupied a lower berth not far from us.  From what we
 overhead one had been quite a traveler understanding all the little
 unmentionable but complex ways, the knowing of which makes her at home
 on the train.
   The other evidently never had been in a sleeper before.
   They were a matronly pair, but the questions of the elder marked her
 as very young at the business upon which she was embarking for a few
 days.
   Their baggage?  Well, each had three or four sizable pieces, and there
 were four pieces in the section before they entered.
   "What's this," said Madam Newtraveller.  "Why must that baggage be in
 our seat?"
   "It is not our seat.  We have the lower berth and are entitled to only
 one seat.  Evidently the upper is taken," said Miss Know-it-all.
   "O, I wonder by whom?"
   "I don't know. I should say by a man, however, for the person doesn't
 seem to be here, and you know that's the way the men do very often.
 They sit in the smoking room."
   "O, I wonder what he looks like," Miss Newtraveller half gasped.
   After considerable arranging and re-arranging of packages, room was
 made for their feet and the twain sat in repose as they chewed gum and
 quietly surveyed the beautiful appointments of the exquisitely carved
 and polished interior of the coach.
   "I don't see how they ever go to bed in this place." said Miss
 Newtraveller.
   "You'll see by-and-by."
   And she did.  It afforded her most pleasurable entertainment for an
 hour to watch the porter as he turned the locks of the upper berths one
 by one, let them down, pulled the seats together of the lower, took out
 the mattresses, threw them in place and then with a characteristic
 flip, shot the sheets in exactly the spot he wanted them.  Then came the
 curtains, the little hammock for clothing and the thin special curtain
 for lower berth, and lastly the brass number over the drapery to mark
 the place.
   Now it came time for the maidens to have their berth made; and while
 occupying a borrowed seat, the man who slept overhead climbed into his
 bed unnoticed.
   Miss Newtraveller's first preparation for bed was the taking off of
 her hat.
   "O, here is a nice big shelf to put it on," said she, placing it
 gently on top of the man stretched at full length in the upper berth,
 having forgotten it was to be occupied.
   The man gracefully handed the hat below, and Miss Newtraveller and
 Miss Know-it-all could be heard laughing for some time, while it did not
 require a great stretch of the imagination for the amused passengers to
 see crimson blushes over and above the natural heat of that intensely
 hot night.
                                 M.B.
         ================================================
                 Enigma.
   I am made of 15 letters.
   My 2,8,7 is what the little girls in the sewing room learn to do.
   My 12,5,6 is what a happy girl may do at her work.
   My 9,3,10,1 is what all tired people should do.
   My 11,13,14,15 is what we try in vain to keep, about this time of
 year.
   My 4 forms the plural of words.
   My whole is what the Carlisle Indian School teacher is doing up brown
 these days.
         -------------------------------
   ANSWER TO LAST WEEK'S ENIGMA: General Grant's Tomb.
 ===========================================================
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                 Respectfully submitted,
                 Barbara Landis (non-tribal)
 _____________________________________________________________________________
 by NAT-FILMgroup, UNAT & UNITED Native American Television Broadcast Council
 Sub, To: Listserv@Maelstrom.stjohns.edu, Body: subscribe NAT-FILM full name
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 NAT-SCRIPT (Languages) To:Listserv@Maelstrom.stjohns.edu, Body:info nat-script
 All content on Nat-Film lists are "c" copyright original authors/senders.
 
 --------- "RE: Poem: Young Child" ---------
 
 Date: Thu, 17 Apr 1997 13:09:12 -0400
 From: Larry Kibbey <kibbey@sierra.net>
 Subj: *Young Child*
 
   UUCP email
 
    *Young Child*
 
 Young child,
 You were given the breath of life,
 So that you may live,
 As an Indian.
 
 Young child,
 I love
 To hear you play,
 To see you grow,
 To know that one day
 You shall stand tall and proud,
 As an Indian.
 
 Young child,
 Listen and hear
 The lessons of life,
 That come from your elder's,
 So that you will learn,
 To be unique,
 As an Indian.
 
 Young child,
 Always walk with you head held high.
 Walk with dignity.
 Walk with pride.
 Walk as an Indian.
 
 Young child,
 We give to you a way of life,
 A culture and belief,
 Filled with
 Wisdom, knowledge and understanding
 For you to be
 As an Indian....
 
 January 5, 1998
 By
 ==================================================
 = Larry Kibby - kibbey@sierra.net                =
 = Elko Indian Colony                             =
 = Western Shoshone Historic Preservation Society =
 = 1581 Pinenut Circle, Elko, Nevada 89801        =
 = Phone: (702) 738-4147  Fax: (702) 738-7070     =
 ==================================================
 
 --------- "RE: Verse: Hawaiian Book of Days" ---------
 
 Date: Sat, 28 Jun 97 04:55:00 GMT
 From: dfsanders@genie.com
 Subj: Hawaiian Book of Days
 
   UUCP email
 
    A HAWAIIAN BOOK OF DAYS, week of July 13-19
 
                              IULAI
                              (July)
                          (Hinaiaeleele)
                                13
 To welcome the future, you must first release the burdens of the past.
                                14
 It is in the quiet hours of the evening that we can most nearly know our
 true selves.
                                15
 The rainbow, ke anuenue, illuminates the land in beauty.
                                16
 A waterfall plummets down the face of the cliffs, na pali, to be reborn
 in mist far below.
                                17
 The mountain slopes have turned green with the blessing of rain.
                                18
 A dragon kite soars and ripples in the summer breeze.
                                19
 Sculptures are formed of the shifting sand ... and swiftly erased.
 
              (c) Copyright 1991 by D. F. Sanders
          Me ke aloha i ka nani, ...  Moe'uhanekeanuenue
             (With love and beauty, ... Rainbow Dream)
 
 --------- "RE: Conferences and Powwows - offline" ---------
 
 Date: Thu, 10 July 97 08:00 -0500
 From: Janet Smith (evestar@juno.com)
 Subj: Upcoming conferences and powwows not previously posted
       to Mailing List NATIVE-L
 
   UUCP email
 
 Date: Sat, 05 Jul 1997 22:59:01 -0400
 From: carol@migrations.com (Carol Halberstadt)
 Subj: AISES American Indian art auction (nonprofit)
 Newsgroup: alt.native
 
 AISES, the American Indian Science & Engineering Society, a nonprofit
 organization, is sponsoring an online art auction "to provide means
 to assist American Indian students as they seek to become
 self-reliant." This is an auction for a very good purpose, and is
 offering some excellent items, including pottery, jewelry,
 sculpture, fine arts, weavings, basketry, and cultural items such as
 rattles, a wampum belt, and beaded moccasins.
 
 You can go directly to the auction at
 http://www.Colorado.EDU/AISES/auction
 
 and also visit the AISES home page to find out about their programs, at:
 http://www.Colorado.EDU/AISES/
 
 Thanks,
 Carol
 -- Carol S. Halberstadt, Migrations (carol@migrations.com)
 Native American art and crafts
 http://www.migrations.com
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 Date: Sat, 5 Jul 1997 12:47:19 +0100
 From: Ableza Institute <David@ABLEZA.ORG>
 Subj: World Premier
 
 "FULL CIRCLE" WORLD PREMIER - SAN JOSE
   The City of San Jose's Downtown Performance Arts Summer Series
 launches with "Full Circle", a play about remarkable historic and
 contemporary American Indian women, Directed by Devin Butler, a
 sixteen year old company member.
   Written by award-winning playwrights