From gars@speakeasy.org Tue Jan 20 20:48:23 2004 Date: Tue, 20 Jan 2004 15:04:20 -0800 From: Gary Night Owl To: Internet Recipients of Wotanging Ikche Subject: Wotanging Ikche--nanews12.004 _ __ _____ __ _ __ ___ ____ _ __ ___ ' ) / / ') / / ) ' ) ) / ) / ' ) ) / ) / / / / / / /--/ / / / ___ / / / / ___ (_(_/ (__/ ( / (_ / (_ (___/ '__/_ / (_ (___/ ' ____ _ , ___ _ , ___ / ' ) / / ) ' ) / / ' VOLUME 12, ISSUE 004 / /-< / /--/ /-- __/_ / ) (___/ / ( (___, WOTANGING IKCHE - Lakota - Common News Wotanging Ikche and Native American News Copyright c. 1996-2004 nanews.org Aboriginal/AmerIndian Perspective about the First Nations of Turtle Island January 24, 2004 Western Cherokee unolvtana/cold moon Blackfeet aisstoyiimsstaa/causes cold weather moon +-------------------------------------------------------+ | Much more happens in Indian Country than is reported | | in this weekly newsletter. For daily updates & events | | go to http://www.owlstar.com/dailyheadlines.htm | +-------------------------------------------------------+ Otapi'sin Atsinikiisinaakssin -- Blackfeet -- News for All the People Ni-mah-mi-kwa-zoo-min -- Ojibwe -- We Are Talking About Ourselves Aunchemokauhettittea -- Naragansett -- Let Us Share News Kanoheda Aniyvwiya -- Cherokee -- Journal of the People O Es'te Opunvk'vmucvse -- Creek -- People's New News O o O Acimowin -- Plains Cree -- Story or Account O o O Tlaixmatiliztli -- Nahuatl -- News O o o o o O Agnutmaqan -- Listuguj Mi'kmaq -- News O o O Sho-da-ku-ye -- Teehahnahmah -- Talking Birchbark O o O Un Chota -- Susquehannic Seneca -- The People Speak O Ha-Sah-Sliltha -- Ditidaht Nation -- News of the People Ximopanolti tehuatzin, inin Mexika tlahtolli -- Nahuatl -- For you we offer these words It-hah-pe-hah Ah-num pah-le -- Chickasaw -- Together We Are Talking Dineh jii' adah' ho'nil'e'gii ba' ha' neh -- Navajo Nation -- What's Happening among The People News Okla Humma Holisso Nowat Anya -- Choctaw -- People(s) Red Newspaper Hi'a chu ah gaa -- Pima -- The stories or the talk of the People Native American News -- Language of the Occupation Forces ++>If you speak a Native American language not listed above, please send us your words for "News of the People." We'd rather take up this whole page saving these few words of our hundreds of nations than present a nice clean banner in the language of the occupation forces who came here determined to replace our words with their own. email gars@nanews.org with the equivalent of "News of the People" in your tribal language along with the english translation <================<<<< >>>>================> This newsletter is produced in straight ASCII text for greatest portability across platforms. Read it with a fixed-pitch font, such as Courier, Monaco, FixedSys or CG Times. Proportional fonts will be difficult to read. <================<<<< >>>>================> This issue contains articles from www.owlstar.com; www.indianz.com; www.pechanga.net; ndn-aim Mailing List; Newsgroup: alt.native; UUCP email IMPORTANT!! ----------- In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. section 107, all material appearing in this newsletter is distributed without profit to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving this information for educational purposes. <================<<<< >>>>================> This newsletter is a way of keeping the brothers and sisters who share our Spirit informed about current events within the lives of those who walk the Red Road. ++ It may be subscribed to via email by sending a request from your own internet addressable account to gars@speakeasy.org ++ It is archived at http://www.nanews.org <================<<<< >>>>================> +-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --+ + -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- + | As historian Patricia Nelson | | Once a language is lost, it is | | Limerick summarized in "The | | gone forever | | Legacy of Conquest: The Unbroken | | * Of the 300 original Native | | Past of the American West... | | languages in North America, | | "Set the blood quantum at | | only 175 exist today. | | one-quarter, hold to it as a | | * 125 of these are no longer | | rigid definition of Indians, | | learned by children. | | let intermarriage proceed as | | * 55 are spoken by 1 to 6 elders;| | it had for centuries, and | | when they die, their language | | eventually Indians will be | | will disappear. | | defined out of existence." | | * Without action, only 20 | | "When that happens, the federal | | languages will survive the next| | government will be freed of | | 50 years. | | its persistent 'Indian problem.'"| | Source: Indigenous Language | +-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --+ | Institute | |http://www.indigenous-language.org| This issue's Elder Quote: + -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- + ======================== "The difference between the white man and us is this: You believe in the redeeming powers of suffering, if this suffering was done by somebody else, far away, two thousand years ago. We believe that it is up to every one of us to help each other, even through the pain of our bodies. ...We do not lay this burden onto our God, nor do we want to miss being face to face with the Spirit Power. ...We want no angel or saint to gain it for us and give it to us second-hand." __ Tahca Ushte (John Fire Lame Deer), Minneconjou Lakota +- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -+ | Indian Pledge of Allegiance | The Indian Pledge of Alleg- | | iance was first presented | I pledge allegiance to my Tribe,| on 2 December '93 during the | to the democratic principles | opening address of the Nat- | of the Republic | ional Congress of American | and to the individual freedoms | Indian Tribal-States Relat- | borrowed from the Iroquois and | ions Panel in Reno, NV. NCAI | Choctaw Confederacies, | plans distribution of the | as incorporated in the United | Indian Pledge to all Indian | States Constitution, | Nations. | so that my forefathers | | shall not have died in vain | Walk in Beauty! Night Owl +- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -+ +- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -+ | Journey | In the summer and early fall | The Bloodline | of 1998 the Treaty Unity Riders | | rode a thousand miles on horse- | For all that live and live by law | back, carrying a staff and | We Stand, we Call, We Ride | praying each step of the way. | For All that fear and fear by sight | | We Hear, we Listen, we Ride | These prayers were offered for | For all that pray and pray by strength| each of us, and that the Unity | We Feel, we Move, we Ride | of all Peoples might happen. | For all that die and die by greed | | We Hurt, we Cry, we Ride | Tatanka Cante forwarded this | For all that birth and birth by right | poem on behalf of all the Unity | We Smile, we Hold, we Ride | Riders that we might stop and | For all that need and need by heart | ask if the next words we say, the | We Came, we Went, we Rode. | next act we make is for the good | | of the People or is it from ego | Treaty Unity Riders | for self. +- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -+ O'siyo Brothers and Sisters! My half-side, Janet, has some well-chosen thoughts regarding the dominant society's penchant for picking and choosing when we are soverign nations. In the Lara case the absolute irrationality of the government's claim is beyond infuriating. Janet's Editorial: The article below about the Billy Jo Lara case illustrates the U.S. Government's penchant for whimsical acknowledgement of Native Nation sovereignty, but only when it meets a U.S. government purpose. The U.S. was not satisfied with the tribal punishment meted out to Billy Jo Lara and wants to pile on its own penalties. Seems that in this instance, they think the official Billy Jo was convicted of slugging in tribal court was working for the U.S. government as well as his own nation. Prosecuting Billy Jo is, according to the U.S. attorney on the case, not double jeopardy because the tribe and the U.S. are two sovereign governments. However, tribal sovereignty doesn't count for so much when a state wants to tax people on their own nation. It doesn't count for so much when they want to determine for how people on their own nation may make a living (or whether they should be directly paid for their resources) on their own land. Sovereignty doesn't mean so very much if the U.S. covets a mineral or other natural resource that happens to be on tribal national property. Sovereignty does count when the U.S. wants to take an Indian to court after his own government has already done so. Interesting values. This particular case defies all logic, though. If the tribe is a sovereign nation whose government is independent of the U.S., as the U.S. prosecutor argues, how is it possible that a tribal officer was by virtue of that position, in fact, also a U.S. government official? ---- begin article ---- ND Attorney to Argue Before Supreme Court AP - A Grand Forks attorney is preparing to argue a case before the U-S Supreme Court. Alex Reichert is representing Billy Jo Lara, who was arrested in 2001 for assaulting tribal police. Lara pleaded guilty in tribal court and went to jail. He was later charged by federal authorities, who said the tribal police officer he punched also was a federal officer. Reichert says a federal charge violates the Constitutional protection against double jeopardy -- or being charged twice for the same crime. Prosecutors have argued that the tribe and federal charges came from separate sovereign nations. Reichert is scheduled to argue the case on Wednesday before the U-S Supreme Court. The 33-year-old says he has prepared by observing arguments in other cases before the high court. Bismarck attorney Lawrence King has appeared before the court. He says it's a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity -- particularly for a lawyer from North Dakota. ---- end article ---- Janet Smith +/// owlstar@speakeasy.org P. O. Box 672168 /*/+ OwlStar Trading Post Marietta, GA 30008, U.S.A. + / * http://www.owlstar.com * + Dohiyi Ani Oginalii , , Gary Smith Night Owl (*,*) gars@speakeasy.org P. O. Box 672168 (`-') gars@nanews.org Marietta, GA 30008, U.S.A. ===w=w=== http://www.nanews.org ----------- News of the people featured in this issue ---------- - U.S. withdraws support - Alaskan Tribe for Indian Ag Loan Program sets Refuge Precedent - Black Mold invading Tribal Homes - Alaska Pipeline agreement - Norton and Aides - Mohawk Chief's Home in Quebec should be held in Contempt burned in Dispute - PIMENTEL: - Quebec AFN 'Squaw' unfit even in Casual Talk backs Mohawk Grand Chief Gabriel - Fort Yates Residents - Saskatchewan Natives warm to PM prepare for Water Outage - Shootings targeted - Nez Perce seek Red Lake Law Enforcement Fisheries Enforcement Funding - Miccosukee Water Pump Case - Nez Perce Tribe is suing tests Federal Law over Logging - Federal Judge dismisses Lawsuit - Darrington-area Tribe against OHA buys Land for its Future - BIA Agent says - Muddy Ridge Lands he's Victim of Retaliation ceded to Feds Century ago - Judge denies Janklow's request - Saving a place in History for Acquittal - Grant helps Tribes - S.D. Indians will watch with preserving Traditions Janklow's sentencing - Tribe presses Alameda - Hopeful Writ of Habeas on Klamath River Issue for Leonard Peltier - Native American Tribe - John Graham gets Bail sues for Pennsylvania Land - Native Prisoner - Casino-Hunting Tribes -- Women Native American inmates lay claims to Colorado offered spiritual healing - Gambling supporter - History: Carlisle Indian School says Towns clamoring - Rustywire: - Our Health improved...on Paper Eagles and Chicken Spirits - YELLOW BIRD: A Story of Triumph - Verse: Hawaiian Book of Days - YELLOW BIRD: - Poem: Leonard Peltier: Grandmother always will be with me Justice and the President - Subsistence Hunters lose in Court - New Eyre Film: Edge of America --------- "RE: U.S. withdraws support for Indian Ag Loan Program" --------- Date: Thu, 15 Jan 2004 08:11:45 -0700 From: Gary Smith Subj: NA News Item - - - - - - -- - - - - - - filename="AG LOANS WITHDRAWN" http://www.owlstar.com/dailyheadlines.htm http://www.billingsgazette.com/~/2004/01/15/build/state/65-indianag.inc U.S. withdraws support for Indian ag loan program By MIKE STARK Of The Gazette Staff January 15, 2004 Federal support has been suspended for a Montana-based program that helps American Indians obtain agriculture loans in 28 states. In a letter last Thursday, the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Farm Service Agency told the National Tribal Development Association (NTDA) in Box Elder to stop working on behalf of a federal credit outreach program geared toward American Indians. FSA Administrator James Little said his agency "has become aware of serious questions" about how NTDA was using government money, according to the letter. The Agriculture Department's inspector general is reviewing records related to "financial irregularities" to determine if an official investigation should be launched, Little wrote. The FSA also has asked NTDA to return a $402,000 check issued Dec. 22. Neal Rosette, NTDA's chief operating officer, called the decision "very premature" and that his agency worked diligently to deal with allegations of financial improprieties, which he said involved one "bad apple." NTDA immediately notified FSA of that problem, agreed to have its operation audited and implemented more financial controls to make sure it doesn't happen again, Rosette said. The FSA shouldn't jump the gun by suspending funding for the credit program until a full investigation, if it's called for, is complete, he said. "Our program has opened the doors to a source of economic development that Indians have never really had access to," Rosette said. "It has been very successful and can continue to be very successful." Because of the letter from FSA last week, the NTDA immediately had to stop working on behalf of FSA. Many NTDA staff members continued to work this week - not representing FSA but tying up loose ends on work that had already begun - but Friday will be the last day of work for 18 employees in Montana and elsewhere, Rosette said. "It's a travesty," he said. FSA officials in Washington, D.C., said the situation may be resolved soon. They said the agency had been advised by its lawyers to suspend funding temporarily, and that a resolution of the problem was being sought. They declined to comment further. In 1997, Stone Child College on the Rocky Boy's Indian Reservation proposed a pilot project to provide credit outreach, pre-loan information and loan application preparation services for ranchers, farmers and young people living on the seven Indian reservations in Montana. Later that year, the FSA agreed to fund the FSA Credit Outreach Pilot Project. The project soon showed that Indians who participated in pre-loan education and counseling appeared to be 50 percent less likely to default on an FSA loan than the national average, according to NTDA. As the program grew and discussions turned to expanding it to serve American Indians throughout the lower 48 states, college officials in 2001 passed it to NTDA, a Rocky Boy's Indian Reservation-based nonprofit group formed by 15 tribal leaders in 1995. The program has been expanded to include 28 states. Plans to include 20 more states have been put on hold because of budget restrictions. "It's been very, very effective," Rosette said. "We've always viewed it as an economic stimulus program for Indians." Since its inception, the program has helped "hundreds of American Indians" obtain "millions of dollars" in financial assistance, he said. But last summer, NTDA officials became aware that one of their employees, who no longer works there, may have used agency money for personal use. NTDA notified FSA as well as local and federal law enforcement officials. They also agreed to conduct an internal audit and tighten up financial procedures. "We did the responsible thing by exposing this and letting them know," Rosette said. On Oct. 24, FSA's Little sent a letter to the NTDA praising the credit outreach program's "considerable accomplishments" over the years but said he could not yet commit to NTDA's 2004 budget proposal because Congress had not acted on domestic spending. He said FSA would agree to fund NTDA at 2003 levels and reassess financial support once Congress moved on 2004 appropriations. As the year drew to a close, NTDA officials, who took out bank loans to cover operating costs, urged the FSA to sign an agreement to ensure funding for 2004. Instead, the federal government wrote a $402,000 check to NTDA for the year's first quarter. Rosette said the FSA soon asked NTDA not to cash the check right away because legal questions had arisen about whether administration of the credit program should be subject to competitive bidding, a point that NTDA officials say is not supported by federal law. Last week, John Sunchild, NTDA's chief executive officer, told his staff to deposit the check into the credit outreach account to cover the previous loan and money that had been expended for operating costs in January, Rosette said. A day later, Little sent his letter to NTDA, announcing that FSA was suspending its support for the credit program and wanted the $402,000 check returned. Little, in his letter, also stated that FSA had received reports of "financial irregularities" related to Rosette and a private operation he owns called BrotherZ and SisterZ Inc., and that NTDA funds had been paid to that consulting agency. Rosette denied the allegations and said those claims have not been fully investigated. FSA officials said the agency would be in contact with NTDA this week. Copyright c. 2004 The Billings Gazette, a division of Lee Enterprises. --------- "RE: Black Mold invading Tribal Homes" --------- Date: Sat, 17 Jan 2004 14:37:08 -0700 From: Gary Smith Subj: NA News Item - - - - - - -- - - - - - - filename="BIA QUALITY FOUNDATIONS" http://www.owlstar.com/dailyheadlines.htm http://www.nativetimes.com/index.asp?action=displayarticle&article_id=3564 Black mold invading tribal homes Estimated cost of $91 million to wipe out problem WASHINGTON DC Sam Lewin January 16, 2004 According to a recent study by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, black mold can be found in 15 percent of tribal homes. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, black mold, also known as Stachybotrys Chartarum, can grow on material with a high cellulose and low nitrogen content, such as fiberboard, gypsum board, paper, dust, and lint. Growth occurs when there is moisture from water damage, excessive humidity, water leaks, condensation, water infiltration, or flooding. Officials say it would cost about $91 million to wipe out the problem nationally. "Indian County has waited a long time for some attention to be drawn to mold in our homes. This study documents the problem that many tribes have already experienced, tribes such as the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa and Blackfeet. Although HUD allows funding for its lead paint program to be used for mold damage, more funding must be set aside, because the study clearly states that it may cost $25 thousand per unit to address the mold, " said Gary Gordon, Executive Director of the National American Indian Housing Council. Native Americans have the highest percentage of households without adequate plumbing, 12 percent, and kitchen facilities, 11 percent. But, "there is currently no data or reports to indicate whether tribal lands experience a higher incidence of mold problems than the rest of the nation, " Gordon said. "As tribal homes age, the more likely there is serious wear and tear. Housing components like furnaces and roots are not meant to last forever, meaning thousands of homes are long overdue for serious maintenance and repairs." NAIHC says they recommend that tribes work with federal agencies to resolve mold issues. Indian Health Services, the Environmental Protection Agency and the Federal Emergency Management Agency are all listed as possible sources of help. Although there have been sporadic claims that black mold causes serious respiratory problems, and the issue has generated litigation, officials say there is insufficient evidence to confirm the extent of its health dangers, although prior research revealed mold could affect allergies and asthma. Native American Times is Copyright c. 2003 Oklahoma Indian Times, Inc. --------- "RE: Norton and Aides should be held in Contempt" --------- Date: Wed, 14 Jan 2004 16:24:39 -0500 From: "Bill McAllister" Subj: NORTON, TOP AIDES AND JUSTICE DEPARTMENT LAWYERS SHOULD BE HELD IN CONTEMPT, LAWYERS TELL JUDGE IN TRUST CASE WASHINGTON, Jan. 14 - Interior Secretary Gale Norton, her top aides and Justice Department lawyers should be held in contempt of court for deliberately misleading a federal judge about her department's failure to protect Indian Trust records from computer hackers, the lawyers for a class of more than 500,000 American Indians said today. In a motion filed in U.S. District Court, the lawyers urged Judge Royce Lamberth to again hold the secretary, her aides and legal counsel in contempt, citing a series of recent government reports that refute Norton's claims that she has protected electronic trust records. Lamberth previously held Norton and former assistant secretary Neal McCaleb in civil contempt for perpetrating fraud on the Court and other litigation misconduct. However, a federal appeals court reversed the civil contempt judgment against Norton and McCaleb, holding that the established findings did not rise to the level of criminal contempt. Lamberth also has referred Associate Attorney General Robert McCallum and other Justice Department lawyers to the Disciplinary Panel of the U.S. District Court for an examination of their conduct in the trust litigation, which is now in its eighth year. As of now, no action has been taken against the lawyers by the Disciplinary Panel of the U.S. District Court. In the new filing, lawyers in the class-action lawsuit over the government's breach of trust in its management of trust assets informed Lamberth that newly disclosed evidence compels the imposition of civil and criminal contempt sanctions against Norton and others. 20 Justice Department lawyers cited in the pleading include Associate Attorney General Robert McCallum, Jr., Assistant Attorney General Peter Kiesler, and Deputy Assistant Attorney General Stuart Schiffer. Among the Interior officials named are Deputy Secretary Steven Griles and Deputy Associate Secretary James Cason.20 "Simply put, Norton and her senior managers and counsel knowingly and willfully have violated this Court's orders and knowingly and willfully covered-up debilitating weaknesses in IT [Information Technology] Systems that they reconnected -- or left connected -- to the Internet," the motion says. At the same time that Norton was filing reports with the district court saying that she made major improvements to the department's notoriously bad computer systems, other, previously concealed government reports -- including confidential reports from the GAO and the Interior Inspector General -- confirmed that the department's security was a failure. Computer security has been a major issued in this litigation for several years. With the Judge's approval, a computer security expert was able to hack his way into the trust management systems undetected and open a bogus trust account. Lamberth first ordered Norton to disconnect all insecure IT Systems from the Internet on December 5, 2001, but Norton has refused to do so. Elouise Cobell, lead plaintiff in this case, lamented Norton's callous disregard for her trust duties and the disrespect Norton and her counsel have shown for the authority of a United States District Court judge. Cobell again called for the appointment of a receiver to protect more than 11 million acres of Individual Indian Trust land and billions of dollars of revenue generated by those lands. "How much more harm must we be forced to endure from an unfit trustee who routinely breaches her trust duties and violates court orders with impunity? Why are the courts afraid to hold high government officials accountable for their repugnant behavior," Cobell asked. "All we ask for is justice." For Additional Information: (Media Calls Only) Bill McAllister 703-385-6996 or 202-257-5385 --------- "RE: PIMENTEL: 'Squaw' unfit even in Casual Talk" --------- Date: Fri, 16 Jan 2004 08:24:23 -0700 From: Gary Smith Subj: NA News Item - - - - - - -- - - - - - - filename="SPITEFUL REPUBLICAN GESTURE" http://www.owlstar.com/dailyheadlines.htm http://www.azcentral.com/news/opinions/columns/articles/0115pimentel15.html 'Squaw' isn't fit for use even in casual talk O. Ricardo Pimentel Republic columnist January 15, 2004 The continuing argument over Piestewa Peak can be settled with just one question. Is "squaw" a racial slur? Forget the history lessons about the word's origins. Here's the test for those who are surreptitiously making a pitch to get the peak renaming reversed by again attacking the process. If they were making a speech to (and I'm making this group up) the Native Americans of Arizona Association, would they say, "Thank you for inviting me to speak today. Squaws and gentlemen, let us now discuss the weighty topic of. . . . " Of course they wouldn't. It's a slur. You know it. I know it. They know it but will never admit it. So if the word isn't fit to be in a speech or in casual conversation, why is it OK to grace a public landmark? And if it's a slur, why wouldn't we want it changed, like, yesterday? The major public complaint about the name change was that Gov. Janet Napolitano unduly influenced a state panel to make the change shortly after Piestewa's death. Such a change for geographical places would normally take about five years. Piestewa, of Tuba City, killed in Iraq, was reportedly the first Native American woman to die in combat for the United States. But it's all about the principle of adhering to process, the folks who have objected to the name change have said. And if you believe that, I've got jackalopes grazing in the back yard. There are two things at work here. One has to do with the past and the other the future. There may well be folks out there, disdainful of so-called present-day political correctness, who want the peak renamed simply to retain historical purity. That's what our forebears named it. It's what everyone has called it ever since. Folks have grown fond of it. End of discussion. But the reluctance to countenance the change probably also has something to do with the desire to not sully our forebears. You see, if we buy the notion that squaw is a slur, it was probably a slur when the peak was first named. And that would make Arizona's pioneers racist. OK, maybe it wasn't a slur to the ears of those who named the peak, but how about to the folks who originally owned the land on which it sits? I doubt if anyone discussed it with them. Let's say you want to convince me that even Native Americans themselves used the phrase back then. Well, you'd have to convince me that Pimas and Apaches, for instance, used what some sources say probably started as an Algonquin word. Not likely, which means that, if Native Americans hereabouts used the word at all, it was given to them by their conquerors. Consider the source. The word's historical antecedents are irrelevant in any case. In virtually any context today, it is offensive. The second real reason for wanting to restore the name has to do with the future, one in which Republicans see the governorship restored to their party. I know, let's characterize the governor as a bully with no regard for due process. (And, psst, by the way, she just loves political correctness.) Napolitano acknowledges that the way she got the name changed was flawed but that the outcome was the correct one. The flaw has to do with the pressure one of her aides exerted to get it done. He was reprimanded. Resurrecting the controversy is simply about keeping it alive. It will be interesting to see what sort of renaming frenzy occurs when former President Reagan, suffering from Alzheimer's, regrettably passes. There will be little patience for waiting five years if a geographical place seems suitable. Look to have building names changed much sooner, and there'd be nothing wrong with this. But, there will be strict adherence to the process, anti-renaming folks insist. They cite the scuttling of city of Phoenix efforts to rename Sky Harbor International Airport after Barry Goldwater in 1998, a few months after his death. Sorry. It's apples and oranges. The uproar, a reading of the record indicates, wasn't so much a matter of people upset about the process as just plain fondness for the name Sky Harbor. So then the question is whether fondness for what is a patently racial slur is appropriate reason to keep it on public places. A perverse part of me hopes for success for the 38 GOP legislators who have signed on to the bill. They would replace the panel that renamed the peak to one mostly appointed by legislators. Its key sponsor is Rep. Phil Hanson. If, as they really hope, it becomes Squaw Peak again, I want to see how folks run on a campaign that touts restoring a racial slur. It's clear. They would much prefer the process that retained the slur than the one that rejected it. Reach Pimentel at ricardo.pimentel@arizonarepublic.com or (602) 444-8210. His column appears Tuesdays, Thursdays and Sundays. Copyright c. 2004 The Arizona Republic. --------- "RE: Fort Yates Residents prepare for Water Outage" --------- Date: Sun, 18 Jan 2004 12:44:54 -0700 From: Gary Smith Subj: NA News Item - - - - - - -- - - - - - - filename="TRIBAL WATER (NON)SUPPLY" http://www.owlstar.com/dailyheadlines.htm http://www.bismarcktribune.com/articles/2004/01/18/news/local/nws02.txt Fort Yates residents prepare in case faucets go dry again By MIKE ALBRECHT, Bismarck Tribune January 18, 2004 FORT YATES - Shelby Zahn was a month away from delivering her son when faucets ran dry here in late November. Rather than go without showers and haul water to operate toilets, Zahn squeezed into her car and made an uncomfortable trip to Solen where well water still flowed. She spent more than a week at her grandma's house there. The water supply ran dry here along with Cannon Ball and Porcupine when silt and sludge plugged up the intake pipe that provides the communities with water. Low water levels on Lake Oahe was the ultimate cause of the four-day drought followed by five days without potable water. From a crowded waiting room at the Fort Yates clinic Tuesday, Zahn said she doesn't worry that she and the more than 5,000 people in and around the town will run out of water again. But as she pulled a corner of a knit blanket over the face of her newborn, she admitted that she has five or six gallons of water set aside "just in case" -- enough to tide them over until they can make the trip back to her grandma's house. Zahn was one of several residents here who are prepared for the worst. Isabelle and Elmer Laundreaux have 25 gallons set aside and Cedric Good House said he's telling folks to fill up extra water jugs. "I'm worried in the sense that litigation has nothing to do with the human element, just recreation and economics," Good House said. "I think the tribal government has to be more aggressive to assure this doesn't happen again." Standing Rock Sioux Tribal Chairman Charles Murphy says the concerns are justified. "We're not out of the woods yet," he said. "We're just doing the Band- Aid effect to take care of the problem right now." It's a big Band-Aid. The banks of a low Lake Oahe are a crisscross of newly constructed roadways and pipelines. Duane Krogstad with the federal Bureau of Reclamation said the "long- term, temporary solution" is a 12-inch, plastic pipe buried 7 feet under ground. The pipeline is currently fed by an electric submersible pump, housed in an insulated wood shack at the edge of the river. The pump situation is expected to change sometime this week. Plans are to drive a 1,200-square-foot box made of metal sheet pile into the bank of the river to house two submersible pumps. An inlet will then be dug to allow water to flow through. As backup, two diesel pumps and three pipelines -- two above ground and one below ground -- were installed upriver. The original pipeline was abandoned but not forgotten. Krogstad said if water levels rise as predicted, they'll be able to send divers down this summer to deal with the plugged intake. "With the high velocity of the water, it's not safe for divers to work in the river right now," he said. Another permanent is a berm extending to the edge of the river. The trail of dirt standing about 6 feet above the lake bed is being riprapped to withstand a rise in the water level. Plans are to use it to maintain the pumps. Murphy praised the efforts of the Bureau of Reclamation, the Garrison Diversion Conservatory District and the Standing Rock Municipal, Rural and Industrial System, to return water to the reservation, but he said he won't feel comfortable until Lake Oahe water levels rise. Jodi Farhat with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers said they anticipate Lake Oahe levels will increase this summer, but they don't have any up-to- date predictions as to how much. What was once a lake outside of Fort Yates is now a narrow river channel. "We expect Lake Oahe to come up, but I don't know if that will put them (Fort Yates) in lake conditions," Farhat said. While tribal officials worry about keeping the water on, school and health officials are still trying to recover from the week without. Schools, clinics, tribal offices and the hospital had to close during the water outage. Standing Rock Indian Health Services had to move inpatients to Bismarck hospitals, bus dialysis patients to Medcenter One and defer emergency room services to hospitals in Bismarck and McLaughlin, S.D., said Dr. Jackie Quisno, clinical director. The pharmacy in Fort Yates remained open, operating without water. "The hospitals were great in stepping up and helping us," Quisno said. Plans are to call on the nearby hospitals again if there is a reoccurrence. The hospital also is looking into building its own well. "There's a lot of people thinking it's going to happen again this winter, ," Quisno said. "Now that we've gone through it, there are some ties in place. So hopefully it won't be as tough." Tim Krahler, assistant superintendent of schools, said the water outage forced them to cancel school for six days. They will have to find a way to make up those days unless the state Department of Public Instruction says otherwise. "It caused a disruption in our school calendar," Krahler said. "Any time there's a long extended disruption, it takes a while to get the children back in their routine." State law requires 173 school days per year. There are two extra days figured into the Fort Yates school calendar in case of winter storms. Even if weather conditions remain mild, that still leaves four days to make up. Krahler said they may have to forgo some holidays or extend the school year into June. "A lot of circumstances are completely out of our control," Krahler said. "We have to be flexible as a school and have to adapt. If we have to extend our school schedule, that's what we'll do." Long-term plans for the water system are to try to get about $30 million in federal funds appropriated. They'll use the money for a new water treatment plant, storage tanks, intake pumps and a pipeline. Murphy estimates the project could take more than two years to complete. "We have to start all over," he said. (Reach reporter Mike Albrecht at 250-8261 or cops@ndonline.com.) Copyright c. 2004 The Bismark Tribune. --------- "RE: Nez Perce seek Fisheries Enforcement Funding" --------- Date: Mon, 19 Jan 2004 08:54:46 -0700 From: Gary Smith Subj: NA News Item - - - - - - -- - - - - - - filename="NEZ PERCE FISHERIES ENFORCEMENT" http://www.owlstar.com/dailyheadlines.htm http://www.idahostatesman.com/Story.asp?ID=58833 Tribe seeks fisheries enforcement funding January 19, 2004 LEWISTON - The Nez Perce Tribe's Fisheries Enforcement Department may run out of money if Congress or the Bonneville Power Administration doesn't step in and financially help the program. Financial problems and changes in funding priorities at the BPA prompted the agency to drop support for the program this year. The agency also dropped support for the Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commission's enforcement program. Now, tribal officials are attempting to find money for tribal conservation officers through Congress. However, it could be up to two years before the money shows up, said David Johnson, director of the tribe's fisheries program at Lapwai. The tribe requested $511,000 to fund the program, which employs 10 to 11 full-time officers. Johnson said he fears the officers, who are federally trained, will be laid off when money runs out in February, and many will seek other jobs. When funding is secured in the future, he said the tribe will have to start the program from scratch. U.S. Sens. Larry Craig and Mike Crapo wrote a letter to the Council of Environmental Quality at the White House last week asking the president to request funds for the program in the 2005 budget. The senators also urged the Bush administration to find interim funding for 2004 to prevent the "loss of the multiyear training investment for each laid-off officer." Johnson said the tribe would ask the Northwest Power and Conservation Council Tuesday to provide interim funding. The BPA markets power generated by federal dams on the Snake and Columbia rivers, and is obligated by law to mitigate for the negative effects that dams have on fish and wildlife. Each year the agency pays for habitat restoration, fish hatcheries and other programs. The agency's 2004 budget includes $139 million for regional protects. But the agency is in the midst of a budget crisis of its own and has had to reduce fish and wildlife expenditures. Judi Danielson, chairwoman for the Northwest Power and Conservation Council, said the tribe will have to find funding for its conservation officers on its own. She met with tribal officials Thursday at Lapwai and said the council is unable to do anything to help because there's no allotted money in the budget. She said the council believes tribal conservation officers should be funded through the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Copyright c. 2004 The Idaho Statesman, Boise, ID. --------- "RE: Nez Perce Tribe is suing over Logging" --------- Date: Mon, 19 Jan 2004 08:54:46 -0700 From: Gary Smith Subj: NA News Item - - - - - - -- - - - - - - filename="FORESTRY SUIT" http://www.owlstar.com/dailyheadlines.htm http://www.idahostatesman.com/Story.asp?ID=58842 Tribe is suing over logging, planning January 19, 2004 LEWISTON - The Nez Perce Tribe is suing the Clearwater National Forest over its North Lochsa Face timber sale and restoration project. The tribe also is suing the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service for their analysis of the planned work, which the agencies said would not harm threatened fish. Tribal officials said they believe the work would harm bull trout and wild steelhead, both of which are on the endangered species list. "When the federal government promised we could recover fish without breaching dams, it was based on the promise that upstream habitat would be protected and restored. This project flies in the face of that project," said Anthony Johnson, Nez Perce Tribal Executive Committee chairman. The North Lochsa Face project calls for 42 million board feet of timber to be harvested, 12,500 acres to be treated with prescribed fire, 600 acres of streamside plantings and 66 miles of old logging roads to be obliterated. The work, considered a restoration project by the Forest Service, would occur on the north side of the Lochsa River between Pete King Creek and Fish Creek. The tribe and the environmental groups Friends of the Clearwater, Idaho Conservation League and the Wilderness Society asked officials from the northern regional office of the Forest Service at Missoula, Mont., to stop the project last year, but the request was denied. Some of the environmental groups said in October they would sue over the timber sale, but have not yet gone to court. Larry Dawson, Clearwater supervisor at Orofino, declined comment. Rick Eichsteadt, a lawyer for the tribe at Lapwai, said the Forest Service should have considered a plan for the area that did not include logging. He said the tribe wants the Forest Service and the fisheries agencies to re-analyze the project. Copyright c. 2004 The Idaho Statesman, Boise, ID. --------- "RE: Darrington-area Tribe buys Land for its Future" --------- Date: Sun, 18 Jan 2004 12:44:54 -0700 From: Gary Smith Subj: NA News Item - - - - - - -- - - - - - - filename="SAUK-SUIATTLE LAND BUY" http://www.owlstar.com/dailyheadlines.htm http://heraldnet.com/Stories/04/1/18/18045671.cfm Darrington-area tribe buys land for its future The Sauk-Suiattle Tribe says a casino is unlikely, but it is considering development. By Scott Morris Herald Writer January 18, 2004 DARRINGTON - The Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe has been buying land near this isolated mountain town, fueling concern among residents who wonder what the tribe has planned. The tribe owns 5 acres off Highway 530 just west of town, where it recently built a new police station. The station is marked only by a sign at the gravel driveway leading to the station, which is out of view from the highway. No more than a mile away, the tribe also bought two larger parcels of land on either side of the highway just east of the bluegrass festival site and rodeo grounds. Tribal Chairman Jason Joseph would not say how big the two most recent purchases are, but acknowledged that one parcel includes a portion of a tree farm near or inside Darrington's urban growth area across the highway from the police station. Mayor Joyce Jones said she was told the two parcels near the bluegrass grounds are 17 acres each, and she has heard rumors of even bigger deals nearby. Jones and her predecessor, Leila Dempsey, attended a recent tribal council meeting to learn more about the purchases. "We wanted to see what effect their land would have, since it's neighboring Darrington," Jones said. Joseph said it's too early to tell. "We haven't really identified any plans for the recent purchases," he said. The tribe's priorities are economic development and housing, not necessarily in that order, he said. Unlike the Stillaguamish Tribe in Arlington, Joseph said the Sauk- -Suiattle do not plan to build a casino on the land, which he said is too isolated to make such a business profitable. "I can't say no, but then if it is something we were considering, it'd be the last thing on the list," Joseph said. "We'd rather do other things. It's getting to the point of a dying market with casinos." Some of the tribe's purchases are near where NASCAR racetrack officials expressed interest in looking at land in 2003, but Joseph said the timing was an unfortunate coincidence that only fueled gossip. His tribe has never had an interest in a racetrack, he said. The racing representatives canceled a visit to Darrington last summer, and Snohomish County officials who are still pursuing the track have directed their focus on the Marysville and Monroe areas. Joseph said much of the land recently purchased is nondevelopable anyway. "It's got power lines and wetlands. It'll probably stay in its natural habitat," he said. The 200-member tribe, which has a 20-home village several miles north of Darrington in Skagit County, currently lists a total land base of about 200 acres. That includes 50 acres acquired in the past few years around Caskey Lake in Skagit County, the 25-acre village at Bennettville and the 5 acres at the police station, Joseph said. A search on the Snohomish County Web site so far shows only the two 17- acre parcels and the 5-acre police station property. Joseph said the tribe's plans are vague right now because council members have to decide whether to first build more housing or pursue economic development. Once the tribe begins focusing on economic development, Joseph said it might consider developing recreational opportunities on its land. "We'll probably design it like a parklike setting for RVs or trails, tying in with the Centennial Trail for hiking and biking," he said. That sounds good to Richard Anderson, owner of Sauk River Trading Post, an outdoors store that sells hunting, fishing, camping and hiking equipment. He is worried about what the enormous flood damage from last October on Forest Service lands is going to mean for his business. "So many campgrounds and roads have been destroyed and washed out, so anything to do with recreation will help us," he said. Anderson worked with the tribe after it bought the land at Caskey Lake and was encouraged by tribal plans to build a fishing lodge at the lake, which he thought would complement his business. On the other hand, he and other business owners don't want to see the tribe go into competition with them. "I don't really want to see competitive businesses, because there's not enough business to support us as it is," Anderson said. Laurence Larsen, owner of Darrington Hardware and Supply, said he was concerned that the tribe might gain federal trust status for its land, giving it a competitive advantage on how sales taxes are collected. "My concern as a business person would be that the tribe has the same footing taxwise as the rest of us," Larsen said. "I'm not jumping to conclusions about what they have planned. It may be positive. It's hard to say what their intent is." Jones said tribal leaders will keep town leaders informed as their plans develop. The tribe reciprocated Jones' visit to the tribal council by sending a representative to Wednesday's Town Council meeting. The mayor said she was impressed at the tribe's meeting by the variety of professionals they had helping them. She said the plans did appear to be very preliminary. The relationship between the town and the tribe has not always been a good one, Anderson said. "The key thing is, I hope the town and the Indians work together," he said. "Sometimes it seems to be going that way. Then they seem to work away from each other." Reporter Scott Morris: 425-339-3292 or smorris@heraldnet.com. Copyright c. 2003 The Daily Herald Co., Everett, Wash. --------- "RE: Muddy Ridge Lands ceded to Feds Century ago" --------- Date: Sat, 17 Jan 2004 14:37:08 -0700 From: Gary Smith Subj: NA News Item - - - - - - -- - - - - - - filename="SHOSHONE/ARAPAHO LANDS" http://www.owlstar.com/dailyheadlines.htm http://www.casperstartribune.net/~/f628b6c1245e9b1087256e1e0008acf3.txt Muddy Ridge lands ceded to feds century ago By JEFF GEARINO Southwest Wyoming bureau Saturday January 17, 2004 GREEN RIVER - The Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapaho Tribes are requesting that about 56,000 acres of excess federal lands within their Wind River Reservation be transferred back to the tribes as required by the federal excess property laws. The area, known as Muddy Ridge, has a long history. In 1903, the tribes ceded approximately 112,000 acres within the Muddy Ridge area of the reservation, at a price of about $1.50 per acre, according to interviews with tribal officials and federal documents. The land is located about 10 miles north of Riverton along Muddy Ridge and includes Muddy Creek and Five Mile Creek. In 1918, the Bureau of Reclamation (BuRec) withdrew much of the land for irrigation purposes. The government began a three-phase irrigation project that included the construction of irrigation canals within what is called the Riverton Unit in the Midvale area. In the 1960s, farmers in the Midvale area began grazing on the acreage and established the Midvale Grazing Association. The association has about 30 members that currently graze on the acreage. In 1975, Congress enacted a law that states that excess federal land within a reservation shall be transferred in trust for the tribe. The act is not discretionary and was enacted to enhance economic benefits to the tribes. In 1976, as part of the new Federal Land Policy Management ACT (FLPMA) requirements, the BuRec began a review of withdrawn lands, including the acreage within Muddy Ridge, to determine the land's use and status. In 1990, the BuRec completed the review of the withdrawn lands in the Riverton Unit and identified approximately 56,296 acres of land surplus to the agency's needs within the unit. The agency determined the acreage no longer meets the purposes for which they were withdrawn, irrigation, and are being used instead for grazing purposes. The BuRec, in accordance with the FLPMA, then submits a report reviewing the withdrawn lands to the Bureau of Land Management to implement the relinquishment of the lands no longer required by BuRec. In October 1993, the BuRec's Commissioner of Reclamation Dan Beard sent a memorandum to the director of the BLM recommending the excess lands within the Riverton Unit be returned to public domain, and in conjunction with the termination, the lands be transferred to the tribes. BuRec, BLM, tribal representatives and the Bureau of Indian Affairs began meeting in 2000 to discuss options for returning the lands to the tribes. The lands are also addressed in ongoing discussions on the Wind River Water Rights Implementation program between the Shoshone and Northern Arapaho tribes, the state of Wyoming and the Department of the Interior. In the meantime, the BuRec continues to administer the lands until the lands are transferred from their jurisdiction. Copyright c. 2004 Casper Star-Tribune published by Lee Publications, Inc. --------- "RE: Saving a place in History" --------- Date: Thu, 15 Jan 2004 08:11:45 -0700 From: Gary Smith Subj: NA News Item - - - - - - -- - - - - - - filename="POINT ELLIOTT TREATY" http://www.owlstar.com/dailyheadlines.htm http://www.heraldnet.com/Stories/04/1/15/18039114.cfm Saving a place in history Mukilteo woman helps keep memory of treaty alive By Lukas Velush Herald Writer January 15, 2004 MUKILTEO - No one may ever know exactly where the Point Elliott Treaty was signed, but the document that played such a key role in the history of the north Puget Sound region will never be forgotten, if Mukilteo resident Pat Kessler has her way. Accounts are mixed as to where, on Jan. 22, 1855, Territorial Gov. Issac Stevens, Chief Sealth (also known as Chief Seattle) of the Dwamish and Suquamish tribes, and other area tribal leaders signed the treaty that guaranteed tribes in northern Puget Sound perpetual fishing rights, among other things. For its part, the local chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution in 1931 decided that the treaty had been signed in Old Town Mukilteo. So, with 3,000 people on hand, including the governor and tribal leaders of the era, the Marcus Whitman Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution on May 2, 1931, dedicated a monument honoring the treaty at what is now the Rosehill Community Center. But even then, two historians of the day couldn't agree if the treaty had been signed at the DAR monument location in Mukilteo, or near the mouth of the Snohomish River, which would put the signing in Everett. "I don't think we'll ever know where the treaty was signed," said Kessler, a history buff who has spent the last six months studying the treaty and its place in the region's history. The location of the 1931 monument isn't in doubt, however. To honor the treaty, Kessler hopes to memorialize the monument - a bronze marker set in a slab of granite - and the activities that took place on that spring day in 1931 by asking the National Park Service to list it on the National Register of Historic Places. To that end, she has petitioned the Governor's Advisory Council to first put it on the Washington Heritage Register, and then to forward the application to National Park Service. Her application goes before the advisory council at 9 a.m. Jan. 23 at the council's meeting in Richland. If the council says yes, the proposal will be sent to the National Park Service, where a decision could be made within 45 days. A yes vote in Richland also means the monument would be placed on the state register. "I think it's a great possibility," said Michael Houser, the state's architectural historian. "This (monument) was the first recognition of the actual treaty signing." Houser encouraged Kessler to submit the proposal. "Pat did an excellent job," he said. "Her research was very thorough." The treaty and others like it - Stevens signed 10 with tribes in the Northwest - guaranteed tribes the right to half the salmon and shellfish in the Puget Sound area, said Sasha Harmon, an associate professor of American Indian Studies at the University of Washington. "The treaties gave the tribes a very real property right," Harmon said, adding that the treaties have withstood legal challenges over the years. Still, tribes gave up their right to all but a few small pieces of land, which were converted into reservations. Also over the years, tribes have sued, charging that medical and education benefits promised in the treaty were never provided. More recently, tribes have used the promised rights to assert their sovereignty, which has allowed them to build full casinos on their lands. State Rep. John McCoy, D-Tulalip, declined to weigh in on whether the treaties were good or bad for the tribes, but the Tulalip Tribes member did say the treaties, especially the one signed in Mukilteo, are worth honoring. "Yes, that location and that monument should be well marked," McCoy said. The treaties established how the tribes operate and are part of their cultural history, he said. "I have no objections to listing it on the National Register of Historic Places." Kessler said she had no idea that the history behind the treaty would be so rich. "If felt like, oh my God, I never expected anything like this," she said. "It doesn't stop. It keeps going and going." Kessler ended up putting together a book filled with copies of the old documents she found, including a copy of the treaty and an essay she wrote about what she had found. She was able to print only a handful of the books, which she said she would make available at some local libraries. With the treaty set to turn 150 years old in 2005, Kessler and others are talking about having a ceremony to honor it then. Reporter Lukas Velush: 425-339-3449 or lvelush@heraldnet.com. Copyright c. 2003 The Daily Herald Co., Everett, Wash. --------- "RE: Grant helps Tribes with preserving Traditions" --------- Date: Sat, 17 Jan 2004 14:37:08 -0700 From: Gary Smith Subj: NA News Item - - - - - - -- - - - - - - filename="$1.2M PRESERVATION GRANT" http://www.owlstar.com/dailyheadlines.htm http://www.billingsgazette.com/~/build/local/30-grant.inc $1.2M grant helps tribes with preserving traditions By MARY PICKETT Of The Gazette Staff January 17, 2004 With the help of a new $1.2 million grant, a history project is "reawakening the memory of the Northern Cheyenne," a member of the tribe said Friday. The American Indian Tribal Histories Project at the Western Heritage Center will help preserve threatened culture and traditions of several Montana tribes. Instead of disappearing, that knowledge now can be passed on to future generations, said Rubie Sootkis, a field director for the project. The project is rescuing traditional and contemporary tribal history by transferring it into books, educational DVDs and museum exhibits. The project was recently awarded the $1.2 million by the U.S. Department of Interior to fund its second year. Last year, the project received $1 million to start work on Crow and Northern Cheyenne reservations. The new grant will help the project expand to the Fort Belknap Reservation home to Gros Ventre and Assiniboine-Sioux tribes, said Francine Bear Dont Walk, director of the program. During its first months, the project hired two field directors, Sooktis, a writer and filmmaker who has spent years documenting Northern Cheyenne culture, and Mardell Plainfeather, a Crow historian who has worked for the National Park Service and Little Bighorn College at Crow Agency. Six students from Montana State University-Billings, Rocky Mountain College, Little Bighorn College and Chief Dull Knife College have been hired as interns. The students are being trained in interview and research techniques and in how to use audio and video equipment. Interviews with current tribal members, "the meat of the project," will begin in February, Bear Dont Walk said. The tribal members interviewed will be those who are knowledgeable in many areas including lullabies, classic stories, art, music and traditional skills such as tanning hides. The information will be used to create a DVD for each tribe that can be used in schools both on and off reservations. The DVD, which may be available as soon as November, will be an encyclopedia of primary sources of Indian traditions. If a teacher wants students to learn about a sun dance, for example, students can listen to a tribal expert talk about the ceremony. Because each tribe's culture is continuing to evolve, information about 21st century music, athletics and rodeo will be included. Interviews and music recorded in the past that Sooktis and Plainfeather have tracked down also may be incorporated into each DVD. Exhibits of each tribe's unique history and culture will be presented at the Western Heritage Center in February 2005. A book on contemporary members of each tribe is expected to be published in November 2005. The book will be a snapshot of "who we are today," said Bear Dont Walk. The tribal history project has been a dream come true for Bear Dont Walk. Less and less cultural information is being passed down to younger generations each year. Bear Dont Walk, who is in her 30s, doesn't speak Northern Cheyenne and knows of few young people who speak it fluently. Even the Crow language, considered one of healthiest among all tribes in the United States, is in danger of disappearing, Plainfeather said. Many parents now work and don't have time to talk about traditions with their children, Sooktis said. Extended, multigenerational families, once the norm in Indian country, are beginning to disappear. Not only is the project helping American Indians learn more about their own tribes, but about other tribes as well. Even though Crow and Northern Cheyenne tribes have lived side by side on neighboring reservations, Sooktis is learning new things about Crow history and culture. Jona Charette, a Northern Cheyenne who is the administrative officer for the project, said it has special meaning for her family. Charette's 7-year-old daughter, Savannah, is half Crow and will be able to learn of about both sides of her family with the project's help. Copyright c. The Billings Gazette, a division of Lee Enterprises. --------- "RE: Tribe presses Alameda on Klamath River Issue" --------- Date: Thu, 15 Jan 2004 08:11:45 -0700 From: Gary Smith Subj: NA News Item - - - - - - -- - - - - - - filename="KLAMATH" http://www.owlstar.com/dailyheadlines.htm http://www.timesstar.com/Stories/0,1413,125~1486~1892675,00.html Tribe presses Alameda on river issue Island would have to switch from hydropower to fossil fuels to help Indians restore river By Kristin Bender, STAFF WRITER January 15, 2004 ALAMEDA - Environmentalists and Native Americans from the Hoopa Valley Tribe are gearing up to pressure Alameda city leaders to withdraw support from an ongoing lawsuit blocking restoration of the Trinity River. The river, which arises in the Trinity Alps in Northern California, flows through the Hoopa Valley Indian Reservation and continues into the Klamath River, has been diverted for decades to service a burgeoning population in the state's parched but heavily irrigated Central Valley. The Central Valley Project, completed many decades ago, diverts upwards of 90 percent of the river through a tunnel into the Sacramento River. Native Americans living on reservations have long called for a return of the Trinity's waters. "For at least 10,000 years, Native Americans along the rivers have depended on healthy rivers and sustainable salmon populations as part of their culture and economy," said Spreck Rosekrans, a senior analyst with Environmental Defense in a letter to the Alameda City Council and Island residents. Diversions were later reduced, but fisheries have not recovered and populations of both chinook and coho salmon are at a small fraction of their levels before the diversion, said Rosekrans. Alameda Power & Telecom is part of the Northern California Power Agency (NCPA), a consortium of 14 public agencies that get hydropower from the river. Under the restoration plan, the Alameda utility will keep access to 90 percent of the federal hydropower it now receives, said utility general manager Junona Jonas. Still, the decrease will have to be replaced, at least for the short term, with fossil fuel-fired generation, costing the utility $186,000 more annually, Jonas said. "If we give up our Trinity allocation, we do have to replace it and in the short run it will be with fossil fire," Jonas said. "We want the City Council and public utilities board to understand both sides of the issue. It's a hard deci- sion. Do I want to replace Trinity generation with fossil (fuel)-fired generation? It's good for the Trinity River people, but bad for the folks who are concerned about greenhouse gases." Environmentalists will make their appeal to city officials at 7 p.m. Jan. 27 during a special meeting of the City Council and the Public Utilities Board at City Hall. The groups are asking Alameda to follow the lead of the Sacramento Municipal Utilities District, the city of Palo Alto, and the Port of Oakland by withdrawing support from the lawsuit and supporting restoration. A NCPA representative will attend the Jan. 27 meeting in Alameda, said power agency spokesman John Fistolera. "We hate to have to reduce (green power), but if it has to be done for the environment then the public utilities board will have to balance that," said Alameda's utility board President Karin Lucas. Environmentalists are also urging other cities and public agencies, including Roseville, to pull support for the suits. "It's an education process," said Tod Bedrosian, a spokesman for the Hoopa Valley Tribe. "We have found that once you (give) the facts to people and let them know what is going on, they say they don't want to ruin the river." NCPA, along with the Westlands Water District in the southern San Joaquin Valley, filed lawsuits opposing the joint federal-Tribal Trinity River restoration plan that was signed by former Interior Secretary Bruce Babbitt more than three years ago. Wire services and Staff Writer Douglas Fischer contributed to this report. Copyright c. 1999-2003 by MediaNews Group, Inc. and ANG Newspapers. --------- "RE: Native American Tribe sues for Pennsylvania Land" --------- Date: Fri, 16 Jan 2004 08:24:23 -0700 From: Gary Smith Subj: NA News Item - - - - - - -- - - - - - - filename="DELEWARE" http://www.owlstar.com/dailyheadlines.htm http://www.enn.com/news/2004-01-16/s_12149.asp Native American tribe sues for Pennsylvania land By Jon Hurdle, Reuters January 16, 2004 PHILADELPHIA - A native American tribe from Oklahoma filed suit Thursday claiming the right to ancestral land in Pennsylvania in an effort to establish a casino in the state. The Delaware Nation from Anadarko, Okla., filed the lawsuit in U.S. district court here, seeking court recognition that it is the rightful owner of 315 acres in Forks Township, near Easton, Pa., currently occupied by private houses and a factory. The land was given to Chief Moses Tundy Tetamy, an ancestor of the tribe, in 1738 by a son of Pennsylvania founder William Penn. The Delaware Nation said in a statement there is no record of the tribe having relinquished title to the tract. In an effort to generate revenue, more than 300 Native American casinos have sprung up since the late 1980s as smaller tribes won federal recognition as sovereign entities. "This is property that belongs to the Delawares, and it is clear ... that the Delaware's title to the land was never validly extinguished," said Stephen Cozen, an attorney with the Philadelphia firm of Cozen O'Connor, representing the tribe. The tribe wants to establish its ownership of the land as part of a plan to obtain gaming rights in Pennsylvania because it can't get those rights without becoming a land owner. The tribe says it has no plans to build a casino on the Forks Township land because it does not wish to disturb residents there. Instead it hopes to build a casino elsewhere in the state. The Pennsylvania General Assembly is preparing to debate legislation authorizing slot machines at some sites around the state, and the tribe is pressing for favorable treatment. Pennsylvania Gov. Ed Rendell is named as a defendant in the suit as are the property owners on the disputed land and the state of Pennsylvania. A spokeswoman for Rendell said he would evaluate the case. Many smaller tribes nationwide who were passed over for federal recognition in the 19th and early 20th centuries have won that status under federal legislation passed in the 1980s, which grants certain exemptions from state law and has helped fuel a boom in casinos on Indian land. Copyright c. 2004 Environmental News Network Inc. --------- "RE: Casino-Hunting Tribes lay claims to Colorado" --------- Date: Fri, 16 Jan 2004 08:24:23 -0700 From: Gary Smith Subj: NA News Item - - - - - - -- - - - - - - filename="CHEYENNE-ARAPAHO" http://www.owlstar.com/dailyheadlines.htm http://news.yahoo.com/~story&u=/ap/20040116/ap_on_re_us/indian_casino_1 Casino-Hunting Tribes Lay Claims to Colo. Jananuary 15, 2004 By DAN D'AMBROSIO, Associated Press Writer DENVER - Two American Indian tribes are laying claim to about 40 percent of Colorado - including metropolitan Denver and secret military posts - in hopes of giving it up in exchange for a new, 500-acre reservation where they can build a casino. The Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes of Oklahoma have prepared a detailed claim to 27 million acres covering the entire northeast section of Colorado. The claim could set off years of litigation in a state where casino gambling has been limited to three historic mining towns. The tribes hope to soon submit a plan to the Interior Department in which they would drop the claim in exchange for a reservation where they would build a $150 million casino, travel center and cultural center, said Steve Hillard, a venture capitalist who has organized financing for the project. "From an economic standpoint, it's 65 to 70 percent of the value of the state," Hillard said Thursday. Officials with the tribes did not return several telephone messages. Tribes are claiming ancestral land across the country in hopes of building lucrative casinos. Another Oklahoma-based tribe, the Delaware, filed a federal lawsuit Thursday to claim 315 acres in Pennsylvania to build a casino. Tribal officials have been negotiating for months with New York Gov. George Pataki about settling tribal land claims through state gambling compacts. The Colorado land claimed by the two tribes was designated as traditional Cheyenne and Arapaho land by the federal Indian Claims Commission, which operated from 1946 to 1978 to settle land disputes between tribes and the government. The commission's work "provided a basis for monetary compensation from the U.S. government to the tribes, but didn't transfer title to the tribes, " said Paula Molloy, program officer for the National Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act. Even with land, the tribes would need to enter into a compact with the governor to open a casino. Gov. Bill Owens opposes any expansion of gambling in Colorado, a spokesman said. Copyright c. 2004 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. Copyright c. 2004 Yahoo! Inc. All rights reserved. --------- "RE: Gambling supporter says Towns clamoring" --------- Date: Fri, 16 Jan 2004 08:24:23 -0700 From: Gary Smith Subj: NA News Item - - - - - - -- - - - - - - filename="COLORADO TOWNS OFFER THEMSELVES" http://www.owlstar.com/dailyheadlines.htm http://www.insidedenver.com/~/article/0,1299,DRMN_21_2577886,00.html Gambling supporter says towns clamoring Indian casino backer reports much interest By Deborah Frazier, Rocky Mountain News January 15, 2004 Several northeastern Colorado towns have offered to be the locale of a proposed Indian casino and cultural complex, proponents said Wednesday. "A lot of communities want, and need, a project like this," said Steve Hillard, a Longmont-based venture capitalist who has assembled financing for the project. However, Hillard wouldn't disclose which communities are seeking consideration. The Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes of Oklahoma are proposing a $150 million casino, travel center and Plains Indian Cultural and Media Center to be built on 500 acres. The Homecoming Project, as it has been named by the tribes, "would allow us to return to a presence on our ancestral lands, participate in the economic energy of our home and earn money to meet the basic needs of our people," said James Pedro, chairman of the tribes' business committee. Before the gold rush and homesteading, the tribes roamed northeastern Colorado, where numerous communities and streets have kept the Arapaho and Cheyenne names. After gold was discovered in Cherry Creek, the Cheyenne and Arapaho were evicted and sent to reservations in Oklahoma, Wyoming and Montana - thus, the homecoming reference. "When we brought the elders up to Colorado, they looked at the sky, the streams, the valleys, the mountains; it opened their eyes to things they remembered," Pedro said. "The elders who came and learned about this plan said it would benefit all the people," said Clara Bushyhead, who works with the tribal council. When the preliminary proposal was presented to the tribe, there were only a few no votes, Pedro said. The two tribes have treaty claims to 27 million acres in Colorado but say they will settle the claims by buying 500 acres in the state's northeastern quarter and creating a reservation, which would be the locale of the project. "These are real tribes with real land claims," Hillard said. "This is not a 48-hour wonder. This is not going to go away." Gov. Bill Owens, an opponent of all gaming, is against the proposal. However, casinos and other businesses on Indian land don't require state approval. "There are a lot of administrative hoops to go through, and it's a very iffy proposal," said Medill Barnes, a consultant to the Black Hawk Gaming Association, a group of mountain-casino owners who oppose gambling elsewhere in the state. "It would be devastating to us, but we're not jumping out of our skin yet," Barnes said. Hillard said the project would create 1,500 construction jobs, 4,000 permanent jobs for state residents and more than 1,000 jobs for 12,000 Cheyenne and Arapaho. "It's the biggest thing on Colorado's table right now for economic development," Hillard said. "It deserves serious consideration." The Homecoming Project is funded by the Native American Lands Group, a consortium of American Indians in Alaska and several private venture- -capital firms. "The tribes want to escape the cycle of poverty," Hillard said. "They want to create their destiny on this 500 acres." Hillard hasn't been involved in gaming projects before, but his Council Tree Communications has put together other profitable investment packages for Alaskan American Indians. "This would benefit the tribes in Oklahoma, especially with money for the elderly, health care, education, the children," Pedro said. "It would be a boom for everyone." The Homecoming Project won't involve the reparations promised by Congress but never paid to the Arapaho and Cheyenne relatives of the Sand Creek Massacre victims, Hillard and tribal leaders said. In 1864, U.S. soldiers and a voluntary militia from Colorado attacked a camp of sleeping Cheyenne and Arapaho, mostly women, children and the elderly, in eastern Colorado. About 164 Indians were killed and their bodies were mutilated. While no major Denver-area business group has taken a stand on the casino project, Ben Sherman, executive director of the Western American Indian Chamber, supports it. "It's truly a tribal venture, and I'm glad the tribe is taking the lead, " Sherman said. "In this business and economic climate, even a casino would be welcome." He said Indian gaming was regulated by the federal government and a tribal commission. The state would have oversight, said Don Burmania of the Colorado Division of Gaming. Gaming revenues in the state were $719 million last year, he said. Hillard said he's focusing on gaining consensus and a fair way to settle the treaty claims, and he hopes to start winning local, state and federal approval by 2005. Copyright c. 2004 Rocky Mountain News, The E.W. Scripps Co. --------- "RE: Our Health improved...on Paper" --------- Date: Wed, 14 Jan 2004 17:54:47 -0800 (PST) From: Carter Camp Subj: 'We Improved!' Mailing List: ndn-aim 01/14/2004 @ 5:21pm [permalink] E-mail this Post This is yet-another of those hilariously depressing tales of how our President's boys and girls, when confronted with inconvenient science, simply rewrite it. White people get better health care in this country. That's no secret. It's been so extensively documented that a few years ago, Congress instructed the White House to study the problem, with help from our top medical scientists. Those top medical scientists even wrote a small book of guidance for their Health and Human Services (HHS) colleagues running the study, one that begins by characterizing the issue as "among this nation's most serious health care problems," and continues, "minorities receive poorer quality care in such important areas as cardiovascular disease, cancer, asthma, and diabetes." In June 2003, the HHS scientists came out with a draft of their report on how race factors into health care. This version agreed that we have "national problems" with getting equal care to minorities, and that a built-in unfairness is "pervasive in our health care system." It went on to describe these problems in detail. Six months later, on December 23, 2003, the final National Healthcare Disparities Report was released -- in an upbeat version edited by Bush appointee Tommy G. Thompson. Gone is a substantive discussion about how minorities receive poorer quality care; gone is reference to this as a serious national problem. Instead, the sunny new opening is: "The overall health of Americans has improved dramatically over the last century." After much more of this oh- hoorayism, the report reveals it will not, in fact, be focused on why minorities get poorer medical care; its new focus -- if you can call a set of generalizations "focused" -- is that all sorts of people at times get less- than-standard care, including women, children, the elderly, the sick, the low-income, and minorities. The Washington Post paraphrases HHS officials as saying this Thompson- driven rewrite reflects his "strategy of triggering improvement by focusing on the positive." Ah, yes. The old "bring about improvement by arguing it's unnecessary" trick. "That's just the way Secretary Thompson wants to create change," explains a spokeswoman for the HHS agency that drafted the report. "The idea is not to say, 'We failed, we failed, we failed,' but to say, 'We improved, we improved, we improved.' " The Post did not elaborate on whether, while speaking, the HHS spokeswoman closed her eyes and clicked the heels of her ruby slippers. "They whitewashed the issue away," says Congressman Henry Waxman of California, who with seven other members of Congress wrote to HHS to protest this as "a case study in the manipulation of science." (Check out Waxman's marvelous new website, www.politicsandscience.org.) --------- "RE: YELLOW BIRD: A Story of Triumph" --------- Date: Sun, 11 Jan 2004 17:11:19 -0700 From: Gary Smith Subj: NA News Item - - - - - - -- - - - - - - filename="YELLOW BIRD: SPIRIT LAKE DAKOTA" http://www.grandforks.com/~/dorreen_yellow_bird/7676354.htm DORREEN YELLOW BIRD COLUMN: A story of triumph: The Spirit Lake Dakota January 10, 2004 Several years ago, after I had made a presentation at a conference, I fielded a question from a reporter in the audience that stunned me: "How can I cover stories on the Spirit Lake reservation without being attacked or raped?" she said. I must admit, I bristle at this kind of comment, and it took me a few seconds to be understanding. I bristle because I've lived on the reservation and feel as safe or safer there than I do in Grand Forks. But I do understand, because I know that on the surface, the crime rate at Spirit Lake (as on many reservations) is high. Here's what many people don't understand: Crime committed at Spirit Lake generally is alcohol-related and domestic in nature, meaning it takes place among families or acquaintances. Very rarely is it random violence of the sort you might find on Washington, D.C.'s streets. Second, before you pass judgment even on that fraction of the population who are alcoholic, you should travel the same path as the Dakota. The Dakota - the Spirit Lake people - had the misfortune to be in front of the first European settlers in what now is Minnesota. The U.S. government soon realized that when it appropriated "Indian" lands for itself, the Native people didn't always move on. July 18, 1851, the government negotiated a treaty with the Traverse Des Sioux, the upper Dakota Sioux. The treaty essentially coerced them into relinquishing all their claims to what is now Minnesota and a small portion of South Dakota. They received $1.66 million. But the government didn't give up the money easily as they promised. A large sum of the money went to settle traders' debts (these were bills presented by traders, often without a Dakota signature), provide an annual cash annuity for goods and provisions and build schools, blacksmith shops, mills and farms. The treaty opened farming areas of Minnesota to settlement. By the summer of 1862, the land was filled with settlers. The food promised the Dakotas for their land as a result of the treaties never made it beyond St. Paul. The Dakota were starving and frustrated. They rightly felt cheated out of their land and that their treaties were violated. In 1862, there was a long, hard winter, and crops failed. The previous year wasn't any better, and the Dakota were starving. But the government was financially strapped because of the Civil War and didn't make their promised payments to the Dakota. Some of the frustrated and starving Dakota broke into the agency warehouse and took 100 sacks of flour. Little Crow, traditional chief of the Dakota, urged the promised supplies to be given to the starving people. "When men are hungry, they help themselves," he said. Andrew J. Myrick, a trader, refused, saying, "So far as I am concerned, if they are hungry, let them eat grass." When the remarks were translated, the Dakota were outraged. Little Crow's band attacked and killed settlers, hoping to clear the valley of settlers. In October 1862, the army subdued about 400 Dakota. In Mankato, Minn., 38 Dakota men (some of whom were no part of the attacks on the settlers) were hanged in a mass execution - the largest mass execution in this nation's history. After the Dakota Conflict, few remained in Minnesota. Most were driven or fled into the Dakota Plains or Canada. In 1867, a treaty setting up the Lake Traverse or Sisseton reservation in eastern Dakota and another reservation south of Devils Lake provided for some wandering groups of Dakota. The Fort Totten reservation sat across the lake from a squatter's town called Creelsburg, which is now Devils Lake. From 1878 to 1930, Fort Totten was boarding school for Indian children. The impact on the reservation of this boarding school was tremendous. It was part of the "civilizing" policy of the government. Dakota children were made to wear suits or long dresses. Their hair was cut, they were taught industrial skills and punished for speaking their language. This rugged group of people who were starved, displaced and their culture essentially excised, survived and are prospering. Addictive alcohol was introduced to Native people when they were at their lowest. The need to find something to make them feel good made alcohol an elixir many couldn't resist. The tribe continues to make a tremendous effort to erase the scars of the past. The Spirit Lake tribe has a college, a prosperous (alcohol-free) casino, factories and its own police, clinic, tribal complex, museum and court system, to name a few. All of these are more than 80 percent managed by Native people. These are people who work 8 to 5, five days a week, take care of their families and live well. The tribe makes efforts to provide programs for alcoholism for those who are addicted. The Catholic church and other religious organizations played a significant role in taking Native culture from Native people. There is, however, a strong movement at Spirit Lake to keep the Native way of life (religion) intact, and it's proving to be a major influence. Most Dakota people at Spirit Lake are gentle people who have lived through difficult times. They have survived. ------ Yellow Bird writes columns Tuesday and Saturday. Reach her by phone at 780-1228, (800) 477-6572, extension 228, or by e-mail at dyellowbird@gfherald.com. Copyright c. 2004 Grand Forks Herald/Grand Forks, ND. --------- "RE: YELLOW BIRD: Grandmother always will be with me" --------- Date: Sat, 17 Jan 2004 14:37:08 -0700 From: Gary Smith Subj: NA News Item - - - - - - -- - - - - - - filename="YELLOW BIRD: GRANDMOTHER PHILOMENE" http://www.grandforks.com/mld/grandforksherald/news/opinion/7731977.htm DORREEN YELLOW BIRD COLUMN: Grandmother Philomene always will be with me January 17, 2004 When I was a child, I liked to watch my grandmother comb her long, black hair. It was a ritual she enjoyed because she smiled and sometimes hummed softly to herself while she stroked her hair with that wide-toothed comb. That memory of lying on the bed and staring up at her combing her hair is on my mind today. She seems to be here. My grandmother, Philomene Little Sioux, was an important part of my life and the lives of our family. She influenced how I think and live. My memories of her are snapshots that seem to bring her back. At times, I see her combing her hair and twisting it in a tight roll on the back of her head. Then, I see her standing at the wood stove, feeding the fire with chunks of wood or dipping warm water from the reservoir beside the stove into a basin so we could wash up. And I even can smell eggs cooking and salt pork frying. My grandmother always rose with the sun. When it was peeking over the hills and the red glow of the day was touching the big rocks above the house, she'd be preparing for the day. The house stood on a hill below a hill. The deep coulee surrounding the house looked like a half moon. Three springs converge in the valley filling a creek bed that runs toward the Missouri River. That's before the lake turned lazy and full. In the spring, after a hard winter with lots of snow, the melting white creates waterfalls in every crevice and small ravine. The icy water would race over jutting rocks and sand to the creek below. These waterfalls emptied high-ground snow into the coulee, making a sound and sight that resonated throughout the area. I would stand beside my grandmother and watch the newly created falls. Philomene was a strong woman. Ritual and culture had to be absolutely correct. There was no halfway about it when she was teacher. My father would agree. In fact, he would tell us that if we couldn't do the ceremonies correctly, we shouldn't do them at all. Those words would come back to haunt us because when much of the knowledge was buried, we were unsure of our steps. I remember when we gathered for the last rite for my father. During that Death Feast, my grandmother told me to prepare my father's food for the journey. She watched me like a hawk from the sidelines. I remember glancing over at her as I prepared his dish. I was nervous. With the help of my two brothers, the ceremony was completed. My grandmother learned from her father, Little Sioux. In his later years, when it was difficult for him to take care of himself, she took care of him. His wife, Helen, died years before him. He was strict, my mother and grandmother told me. In fact, he constantly chided his daughter, Philomene, but she learned the ways. He lived when rituals such as sun dancing, fasting and cleansing sweats were commonplace. He was a healer and carried a Sacred Pipe. I don't remember when my grandmother became a healer for the people, but I do remember this: We were camped in Fort Yates, N.D., at the powwow, and it was a hot summer day. We went to powwows and ceremonies often in those early years. As I stepped into our tent that day, she was sitting in a chair with several older people sitting at her feet, and they were listening to her. I knew they came for healing. Some simple things bring me a clear image of my grandmother. Sometimes, when I hear a Sahnish song, I will hear her singing. Sometimes, when I can't pronounce a Sahnish word, I listen for my grandmother voice and hear the Sahnish words. When I see hawks flying with wings extended, I can feel her standing beside me watching the bird. Combing my hair sometimes reminds me of her. Most important, when my lips touch the stem of the Pipe, I remember her. I am thankful that she visits me in my memories and dreams. Nahwah, atika'. ---- Yellow Bird writes columns Tuesday and Saturday. Reach her by phone at 780-1228 or (800) 477-6572, extension 228, or by e-mail at dyellowbird@gfherald.com. Copyright c. 2004 Grand Forks Herald/Grand Forks, ND. --------- "RE: Subsistence Hunters lose in Court" --------- Date: Sat, 17 Jan 2004 14:37:08 -0700 From: Gary Smith Subj: NA News Item - - - - - - -- - - - - - - filename="STATE GAINS GREATER CONTROL" http://www.owlstar.com/dailyheadlines.htm http://www.adn.com/alaska/story/4637832p-4595384c.html Subsistence hunters lose in court CLOSED AREAS: Residents of areas near urban centers wanted a state exemption. By TOM KIZZIA Anchorage Daily News January 17, 2004 The Alaska Supreme Court strengthened the state's ability to make broad decisions about closing areas to subsistence hunting in a decision handed down Friday. The court overturned a lower court ruling that could have granted priority subsistence opportunities to residents of Ninilchik, Eklutna and Knik. State regulators had declared the villages ineligible when they declared most of the Cook Inlet region a "nonsubsistence area." Friday's decision only affects the state's subsistence program. Subsistence hunters have a priority on state land under state law, just as they do on federal land under federal law. But under state law, every resident may qualify for subsistence, not just rural residents. This can create a crunch on state and private lands near cities. In 1992, the state closed the Anchorage region, among others, to subsistence. Tribal governments for the three villages appealed in court, first attacking the constitutionality of "nonsubsistence" areas and then saying they'd been unfairly lumped in with Anchorage. The case volleyed through the court system for a decade. In 2000, the villages won a decision under Superior Court Judge Mark Rindner. But his decision was overturned Friday, bringing the long case apparently to an end. The Supreme Court said the joint state boards of fish and game had acted reasonably when they created the nonsubsistence area including the three villages. State law sets out a list of socio-economic criteria for determining such areas, weighing the relative importance of subsistence in those more urbanized regions. Also losing in the case was the Kenaitze Indian Tribe of Kenai, which had intervened to seek subsistence rights. The decision will have no immediate practical effect, because people in those communities had been barred from local subsistence hunting pending resolution of the case, said Goriune Dudukgian, an Alaska Legal Services lawyer who represented Knik and Eklutna. "Most of the time it's pretty clear if an area is subsistence or nonsubsistence," Dudukgian said Friday. "Nobody's arguing there should be subsistence fish wheels in Ship Creek. But on the margins, in places close to urban areas, that's where the problem is." Federal land managers are now undergoing their own review of how to determine if an area is "rural" and qualifies for subsistence priority under federal law. Some of the same issues, and the same villages, enter the debate on the federal side. Most subsistence fishing issues fall under federal jurisdiction. The state's nonsubsistence areas cover the Anchorage-Kenai-Mat-Su region and zones around Fairbanks, Juneau, Ketchikan and Valdez. Reporter Tom Kizzia can be reached at tkizzia@adn.com or in Homer at 1-907-235-4244. Copyright c. 2004 The Anchorage Daily News. --------- "RE: Alaskan Tribe sets Refuge Precedent" --------- Date: Fri, 16 Jan 2004 08:24:23 -0700 From: Gary Smith Subj: NA News Item - - - - - - -- - - - - - - filename="ATHABASKAN WILDERNESS PLAN" http://www.owlstar.com/dailyheadlines.htm http://www.leaderadvertiser.com/index.asp?Sec=News&str=1816 Alaskan tribe sets refuge precedent By Linda Sappington of the Leader January 15, 2004 POLSON - A historic agreement between federal and tribal government involving managements of National Wildlife Refuges was reached Saturday, Jan. 3. The tentative final Annual Funding Agreement between the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Council of Athabascan Tribal Governments in Alaska sets aside $46,000 for tribal duties at Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge for the fiscal year 2004. This is the first such agreement regarding National Wildlife Refuges between federal and tribal government, raising the question of what kind of precedent that sets for the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes management negotiations of the National Bison Range in Moiese. "The National Bison Range and Alaska's Yukon Flats are separate refuges in an entire system, and we strive to keep them separate, but it is really important to look carefully at what is being proposed," Matt Kales said. Kales is the congressional liaison for the Fish and Wildlife service, Region 6 out of Denver, Colo. What is important, Kales said, is to remember that circumstances vary, including timeframes and priorities of individual tribes. "A decision in Alaska may not affect a decision in the National Bison Range, yet people look to a good precedent, as well as a bad one," Kales said. While the refuge system is an integrated network of lands and waters that the Fish and Wildlife Service manages consistently pursuant to their policies, each refuge is unique, according to Kales. "We consider the effects of every decision on each individual refuge, yet as far as the potential impacts on the National Bison Range negotiations, I can't comment." Kales said what they may do is look at each individual annual funding agreement and use bits and pieces from those who have gone before. "They have done it, and know how to get it done," he said. Tribal duties within the Yukon Flats agreement include four main areas: maintenance of fish and wildlife facilities and equipment; documentation of wildlife that has been hunted; recording trail easements and informing residents of the locations; and environmental education and outreach for local students and villages. While the duties being turned over don't sound like much, according to author Susan Campbell Reneau - a vocal opponent of tribal management of public lands - the impact will be felt at all 542 national refuges and all national parks, monuments and preserves, she said. "The agreement at Yukon Flats is the start of a landslide of Indian tribal governments wishing to take over major portions of technical duties, budget and management duties at national refuges and national parks near or beside them," she said. The tentative agreement is currently being reviewed by the fish and wildlife department. When approved for release, it will be available to the public for a 45-day comment period. Meanwhile, negotiations for tribal management of the National Bison Range continue. "We're still working, still negotiating with tribes in good faith," Kales said. Although there is no time frame for release of a draft annual funding agreement, the tribes were scheduled to meet with Fish and Wildlife Service yesterday and today, Wednesday and Thursday, in Denver. Factors including poor weather and travel conditions often cause the negotiations to be delayed, Kales explained. "Until we actually get everyone in the room ... I wouldn't count your chickens just yet," Kales said. When a draft funding agreement is finalized, it will be available for a public comment period. Copyright c. 2002 Leader Advertiser Copyright, Polson, MT. --------- "RE: Alaska Pipeline agreement" --------- Date: Fri, 16 Jan 2004 08:24:23 -0700 From: Gary Smith Subj: NA News Item - - - - - - -- - - - - - - filename="CANADA/KASKA NATION ACCORD" http://www.owlstar.com/dailyheadlines.htm http://www.canada.com/~/story.html?id=9DEDECC9-31D3-48A7-8A54-FC0276C4D9CB Canaada, Kaska Nation agree to work together for Alaska pipeline Canadian Press January 15, 2004 WATSON LAKE, Yukon (CP) - A division of pipeline giant TransCanada Corp. and the Kaska Nation in southeastern Yukon have agreed to work together to encourage construction of a natural gas pipeline along the Alaska Highway. The agreement in principle enables the Kaska and Calgary-based Foothills Pipe Lines "to achieve mutual objectives relating to the advancement of this project," the company said Thursday. The agreement includes the establishment of a joint advisory committee and strategies on human resources and environmental issues, said Kaska Tribal Council Chief Hammond Dick. The Kaska Nation, which includes five First Nations in southeastern Yukon and northern B.C., said its main interest is to provide input in the planning stage for a potential Alaska gas pipeline. TransCanada, through its Foothills subsidiary, holds many of the certificates needed to build the Canadian portion of the pipeline. TransCanada spokeswoman Hejdi Feick called the deal part of "initial steps" in construction of the pipeline. "This has been an ongoing process for some time and we recognize the importance of working with local communities and including the First Nations groups, like the Kaska, in the development of this project," she said. Even though there are vast natural gas reserves in Alaska's North Slope, it remains uncertain whether a pipeline will be built. Estimates by international energy giants such as BP say a pipeline could cost up to $20 billion US and they've said several key concessions are needed from governments to help reduce risks in such an large investment before they proceed. The latest U.S. energy bill, which included billions of dollars in project loan guarantees, has been stalled in the U.S. Senate with faint hope that it will be passed into law. On the Toronto stock market Thursday, TransCanada Corp. shares (TSX:TRP) fell 15 cents to $27.15. Copyright c. 2004 The Canadian Press. --------- "RE: Mohawk Chief's Home in Quebec burned in Dispute" --------- Date: Wed, 14 Jan 2004 08:33:56 -0700 From: Gary Smith Subj: NA News Item - - - - - - -- - - - - - - filename="KANESATAKE TOBACCO FUED" http://www.indianz.com/News/ http://www.boston.com/news/world/articles/2004/01/14/~ Indians, angry at crackdown, besiege tribal police headquarters in Quebec By Colin Nickerson, Globe Staff January 14, 2004 KANESATAKE, Quebec - Indians angry over attempts by tribal authorities to crack down on cigarette bootleggers and marijuana operations besieged tribal police barracks and blockaded a Quebec highway in this Mohawk community yesterday near Montreal. The actions came after self-described "warriors" torched the home of Grand Chief James Gabriel on Monday night after he and his family fled the Mohawk community in fear for their lives. Quebec and Canadian federal authorities appeared unwilling last night to send riot squads to end the showdown between militants and tribal authorities, despite appeals from the newly appointed tribal police chief, Terry Isaac, who was trapped with more than 50 other aboriginal police officers inside the station without food and other necessities. The community, long a flash point for Indian anger, is 25 miles west of Montreal, near the Quebec community of Oka, and is home to about 1,300 people. In 1990, Indians at Oka made international headlines during a 78-day standoff between aboriginal militants and Canadian army troops who had rushed to the scene after a Quebec police officer was shot dead by protesters. That violent history may explain why authorities in Ottawa and Quebec City, the provincial capital, seemed reluctant to act in the seige at the settlement. Negotiations between Indian groups in Kanesatake were underway last night to end the standoff, and Canadian Prime Minister Paul Martin said the federal government is keeping close watch. "We obviously want to defuse this situation," he told reporters at the Summit of the Americas in Monterrey, Mexico. "So we'll be very actively involved along with Quebec." The protest erupted late Monday after Grand Chief Gabriel appointed Isaac as the new head of the community's police force and summoned dozens of Mohawk law enforcers from 18 other aboriginal communities in Quebec, apparently in preparation for raids against more than a dozen cigarette smuggling operations and suspected hydroponic marijuana farms, which have given Kanesatake a reputation for lawlessness. The prospect of the raids touched off anger among aboriginal activists, who accused Gabriel of betraying the community to "outsiders" -- apparently referring to Quebec and federal police who have put some pressure on Kanesatake Mohawk authorities to crack down on blatant cigarette smuggling and marijuana operations, both believed linked to organized crime. "Our people are angered because we've been invaded by an outside force," said Mavis Etienne, a community activist, alluding to the Indian police drawn from outside the area. "This isn't about cigarettes or pot, it's all politics." Canadian law permits Indians to import cigarettes tax-free from the United States for their own use, but the settlement has become infamous for roadside vendors peddling cheap smokes to bargain hunters from nearby urban areas as well as to Montreal bars controlled by organized crime. The Kanesatake Mohawks are also believed to be a source of marijuana sold by the Hells Angels and other biker gangs that run Quebec's illicit drug trade. Gabriel, speaking from hiding, told the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation yesterday that the torching of his home was a murder attempt, not just arson. He said that he and his family became targets because of his tough stand on crime, including plans to smash the cigarette bootlegging rings and arrest marijuana growers whose flagrant operations have long riled the provincial police force, known as the Surete du Quebec, and federal Royal Canadian Mounted Police. Other Indian reserves also have become centers for smuggling and marijuana production because political sensitivities make federal and provincial authorities reluctant to take action. "We narrowly escaped being burned alive in that building," Gabriel said, adding that he had summoned Mohawk law enforcement officers from outside the community and sacked the former police chief, Tracy Cross, only as a last resort "to restore law and order to our community." Gabriel's dog was killed in the blaze, which destroyed the home as well as the family's car and a tractor. A Quebec highway near Oka was closed by trees felled by angry Mohawk protesters, who also built a barricade of blazing logs outside the police barracks, hurling rocks and debris at police seeking to flee the brick structure. About 40 protestors maintained angry vigil outside the barracks last night. There was a sense of potential violence, as smoke from the chief's ruined home drifted through the settlement and young Mohawk men -- faces concealed by ski masks, some wielding baseball bats -- affixed a "warriors' banner" to the chain-link fence surrounding the police offices. The showdown started when Isaac arrived in the community Monday with some 50 other Indian officers from other tribal areas after the former police boss was fired by Gabriel. Speaking by phone, Isaac said that his mission is to restore law and order to Kanesatake. And that he will do so just as soon as the militants allow police to resume their duties. "The protesters are still outside," he said "We're still inside." Copyright c. 2004 Globe Newspaper Company. Copyright c. 2004 The New York Times Company ---------" Re: True Portrait of Kanesatake" --------- Date: Fri Jan 16, 2004, 8:11 AM From: frosty@kahonwes.com (Frosty) Subj: If you want information about Kanesatake Newsgroup: alt.native Many things are being written about the events in Kanesatake. Read the following from the eyes of someone that works there but is from Kahnawake. I will try to upload information that speaks about the problems and are not slanted away from the truth. Portrait of Kanesatake unfair Not all dope dealers. Community development, not more police, needed to tackle crime, band teacher says MICHAEL RICE Freelance The past two days, as I have watched the events and media coverage in Kanesatake set my blood to boil.. The media seem to portray everyone in Kanesatake as criminals involved in growing pot. The press failed to observe that many people in Kanesatake stayed away from the protest at the Kanesatake Mohawk Police station and the burning of James Gabriel's home. Painting a picture of Kanesatake and its people as criminals only adds further misunderstanding to a deplorable situation. Just recently, The Gazette published an article on a major marijuana bust in Barrie, Ont., showing that the problem of narcotics is not the exclusive preserve of Kanesatake. The anger and frustration expressed by the protesters have a great deal to do with neglect by the federal government. Unlike other First Nations, Kanesatake does not have legal title to its lands, nor is it classified as a reserve under the Indian Act. The postage-stamp of land that Kanesatake's people do possess is not large enough for agriculture, manufacturing or residential growth. Compounding this is the lack of economic development to encourage the growth of businesses and creation of jobs in the community. Until recently, many people in Kanesatake who were unemployed and receiving social assistance were earning extra income working in the local cigarette shops. They do not have other alternatives because the community is saddled with debt and lacks the land base and financial and technical resources to create employment. Kanesatake and its residents are unable to get loans for business and new home construction because they do not have legal title to their lands and homes, and so neither the band council nor the residents have collateral to guarantee loans. Is it any wonder why people are working in the tobacco shops? Is it a surprise that some people might be involved in drug dealing? When you deprive a people of lands and resources, how do you expect them to make a living? This occurs while municipalities and corporations benefit from the use and occupation of the natural resources of the area. If the federal government is interested in fighting crime in First Nations communities, it needs to stop attacking the symptoms. The frustration and anger that have boiled over in Kanesatake are a manifestation of the division in the elected band council system introduced into Kanesatake and other First Nations. How do you expect to achieve harmony when you impose an outdated Canadian political structure that gives political power to one party even if it has only 51 per cent of the votes? What happens when the other 49 per cent of the community do not agree with the majority? This system was set up to create division and conflict in native communities and its inventors can look proudly on their success. The fact that the federal government is willing to advance money to send 60 additional native police officers into a community of 1,200 people is disturbing. Canada has not been able to settle the land title at Kanesatake. It has not offered additional funds to help the community pay off its creditors. It has not provided more money for economic development. It has not been able to increase funding for education, such as for special-needs students and for the local high school, which does not have a science teacher. It does not have extra funds for health care. It has no money for sports and recreation facilities. Yet it can advance special funds for 60 additional police officers to fight crime and drugs in Kanesatake. If the government is interested in fighting crime and drugs, it should begin by working on prevention. It would have more success in the long term by consulting and working with the people of Kanesatake on community development. They will achieve greater success when they address the underlying causes of the tensions in Kanesatake. ---- Michael Rice teaches school at Kanesatake. Copyright c. 2004 Montreal Gazette. --------- "RE: Quebec AFN backs Mohawk Grand Chief Gabriel" --------- Date: Fri, 16 Jan 2004 08:24:23 -0700 From: Gary Smith Subj: NA News Item - - - - - - -- - - - - - - filename="AFN BACKS CHIEF" http://www.owlstar.com/dailyheadlines.htm http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/1074211133121_5/?hub=Canada Quebec AFN backs Mohawk Grand Chief Gabriel Canadian Press January 16, 2004 QUEBEC - Crime can't rule on reserves and aboriginals must unite behind a chief whose house was torched during a policing dispute, the Assembly of First Nations said Thursday. The assembly's Quebec chapter said it supports Mohawk Grand Chief James Gabriel, who had fled the Kanesatake reserve near Montreal before the fire broke out, and asked other aboriginals to support him. The assembly announced it has set up a fund to help Gabriel and his family rebuild their home and replace their possessions. His home was burned Monday night when tensions broke out between Gabriel and opponents who didn't support his initiative to replace the band's police chief and bring in outside aboriginal officers to fight organized crime, particularly marijuana growing operations. "We certainly don't endorse crime on our First Nations," said Chief Allison Metallic of the Listuguj nation from Quebec's Gaspe region. "We cannot let crime rule," Metallic told a news conference. Chief Ghislain Picard, head of the assembly's Quebec chapter, said Gabriel is still the chief until he is democratically replaced. "We reiterate our support for Grand Chief James Gabriel," he said. Picard criticized the Quebec government for the deal it brokered to end the standoff and put the fired police chief back in power. "It's deplorable and unacceptable that the government of Quebec negotiated with a minority whether they're elected or not," he said. Picard didn't mention organized crime or marijuana but he acknowledged aboriginal communities are "vulnerable" to outside influences. In Kanesatake, west of Montreal, provincial police were on hand to investigate the charred ruins of Gabriel's house, RDI, Radio-Canada's all-news channel reported. Copyright c. 2003 Bell Globemedia Inc. All Rights Reserved. --------- "RE: Saskatchewan Natives warm to PM" --------- Date: Sat, 17 Jan 2004 14:37:08 -0700 From: Gary Smith Subj: NA News Item - - - - - - -- - - - - - - filename="PM MARTIN START OF NEW ERA" http://www.owlstar.com/dailyheadlines.htm http://www.canada.com/national/~F31CB340A8BA Saskatchewan Natives warm to PM Martin's visit to reserve seen as start of a new era Jana Pruden Saskatchewan News Network; Regina Leader-Post January 17, 2004 REGINA - Paul Martin became the first prime minister in two decades to visit a Saskatchewan First Nation Friday, in a move some believe may hearken a new era in the government's relationship with aboriginal communities. "This is a tremendous, tremendous day for me," said Martin, speaking to about 150 band members, elders and political leaders at the Gordon First Nation near Punnichy, about 150 kilometres north of Regina. Martin visited the reserve after flying into Saskatchewan Friday morning. While at Gordon First Nation, he dropped into a school that has been hailed as a unique partnership between the federal government and a Native band. The George Gordon Education Centre is also the former site of one of the province's controversial residential schools. Martin said the visit was intended to symbolize two of the most important issues his government has to deal with: providing opportunities for First Nations people and promoting education. "Being here with you very much brings those two objectives together," he told the crowd, who applauded and cheered throughout his speech. Martin also affirmed his commitment to working more closely with Canada's aboriginal communities. He arrived at the community flanked by an honour guard and was welcomed into the school with a ceremonial drum performance. Martin accepted a number of gifts, spoke briefly to the crowd and then toured three classrooms, talking with students and posing for pictures. Martin spent about an hour and a half at the reserve before heading to Regina for a roundtable meeting with agricultural leaders. Chief Bryan McNabb said Martin's visit "is a moment in history" for the Gordon First Nation. "To me, it's telling me something, I feel it's the start of something for our Indian people," said McNabb. "When I was in Toronto I called him our 'Great White Hope.' He's said that he's going to deal with the issues, and I believe him." Friday's trip to Saskatchewan was part of Martin's first official visit to the Prairies as prime minister. Don Ross, a Gordon First Nation band member, longtime Liberal supporter and aboriginal activist, said he believes Martin's visit is a turning point for the community, and will resonate with other aboriginal communities around the country. "Gordon Residential School is one of the most severe cases of abuse out there, a lot of our kids and people are healing from experiences there, and I think it's symbolic that Paul is being a part of that healing," adding he believes the visit, however brief, wasn't just a symbolic gesture. "This visit is very important as a symbol of his commitment to aboriginal issues. He has put our agenda at the top of his agenda, and he's taking a risk by doing that. "He's not making (empty) statements here, these are major initiatives, not just political promises, he's implementing a whole new way of doing business with Aboriginal people." Bryan McNabb, the school's principal, agrees the visit could set the tone for a new generation. "We're starting to move ahead and try to forget the past," he said. "I like to look at our school as a role model for other schools, and I hope the kids have a sense of pride that the Prime Minister came to their school." Copyright c. 2004 The StarPhoenix (Saskatoon). --------- "RE: Shootings targeted Red Lake Law Enforcement" --------- Date: Wed, 14 Jan 2004 08:33:56 -0700 From: Gary Smith Subj: NA News Item - - - - - - -- - - - - - - filename="RED LAKE SHOOTINGS" http://www.indianz.com/News/ http://www.startribune.com/stories/468/4316411.html FBI, police investigate series of shootings at Red Lake The Associated Press January 13, 2004 RED LAKE, Minn. - New information is coming in, but no arrests have been made in a series of drive-by shootings on the Red Lake Indian Reservation, police said Tuesday. The FBI said shots were fired early Saturday at six residences belonging to or associated with Red Lake law enforcement personnel. Several shots also were fired at the Red Lake jail and at the Red Lake Police Department, hitting several vehicles, the FBI said. No one was injured, but the FBI said there were children in some of the buildings that were shot at. The shots were fired between 1:15 and 2:15 a.m. Saturday. Red Lake Police Chief Pat Mills said on Tuesday they have received quite a few calls with information, but no one has been taken into custody. Mills said he could not comment on details because of the investigation. The FBI said that anyone with information is asked to call the FBI at 1- 218-751-0610, or the Red Lake police at 1-218-679-3313. The FBI is offering a reward for information leading to the arrest and conviction of anyone responsible for the shootings. Tipsters can remain anonymous. Copyright c. 2004 Star Tribune. All rights reserved. --------- "RE: Miccosukee Water Pump Case tests Federal Law" --------- Date: Wed, 14 Jan 2004 08:33:56 -0700 From: Gary Smith Subj: NA News Item - - - - - - -- - - - - - - filename="MICCOSUKEE CASE" http://www.nytimes.com/2004/01/14/national/14WATE.html Water Pump Case Tests Federal Law By FELICITY BARRINGER January 14, 2004 FORT LAUDERDALE, Fla., Jan. 9 - For nearly half a century, a pumping station in South Florida has been pouring millions of gallons of storm runoff annually into the Everglades, keeping the farms and backyards of western Broward Country dry but filling the wetlands with water often tainted by pollutants, mainly from phosphorus-rich fertilizers. The station, known as S-9, is not a filthy factory, leaching mine or toxic dump. It is a large pump in a squat, nondescript building at the intersection of two levees. But its role in raising the level of phosphorus in the Everglades puts it at the center of a Supreme Court battle that could end up changing the reach of the Clean Water Act, the landmark 1972 law that established a federally controlled system for keeping the nation's waterways clean. The core question is this: Is S-9 a polluter, subject to regulation by the Environmental Protection Agency and state agencies that protect the nation's water supply? Or is it merely a neutral conveyor of water, a cog in a vital infrastructure that, along with thousands of other water systems, keeps flood plains dry and reservoirs full while slaking the thirst of cities, subdivisions and farms? The court, which will hear arguments on Wednesday in a lawsuit brought by a small Indian tribe against Florida water authorities, will decide whether, legally speaking, the pump is adding pollutants to the Everglades or is simply transferring them between bodies of water that belong to the same large national system of waterways. If the court decides the pump adds pollutants, S-9 and similar pumping equipment could become subject to a stringent system of permits and pollution controls required under the Clean Water Act. The court is stepping in at a time when the nation's water agencies and developers are engaged in huge efforts to tap and reroute water to quench the thirst of expanding suburban communities. The lawsuit was filed six years ago by the 500-member Miccosukee tribe, which argued that high levels of phosphorus in the runoff are imperiling the ecosystem of the Everglades, where the tribe has lived since the early 1800's. The Miccosukee (mik-ko-SUE-kee), whose tribal headquarters sits on the Tamiami Trail in the Everglades in western Dade County, won federal recognition in 1962. In due course, they built a gambling business. This gave them the financial wherewithal, one tribal elder said, to mount a series of legal assaults on the South Florida Water Management District, which operates the pump. One lawsuit took aim at S-9, whose discharge of phosphorus in recent years has averaged 20 parts per billion, twice the level at which many native plants thrive. In 2002, a federal judge ruled that the pump should be regulated under a section of the Clean Water Act requiring "point" sources of pollution - like factories and mines - to obtain permits under a program run by states. The suit, now before the Supreme Court, pits the Bush administration - which filed a brief in support of the water district - and a broad array of city water planners, Western water districts and 11 Western states, led by Colorado and New Mexico, against 14 mostly Eastern states, led by New York and Pennsylvania, as well as the Association of State Wetlands Managers and environmental groups like the National Wildlife Federation. The Eastern and Midwestern states that have sided with the Miccosukee have an abundance of water and of polluting industries, and thus a keen interest in controlling water quality. New York, for example, filed a brief in the case arguing that the states needed to ensure that their "finely tuned programs to assess, protect and improve the water quality of each surface water body within their borders are not frustrated." But in the arid West and Southwest, where states must devise elaborate ways to transport large amounts of water over long distances, merely getting enough water is often the most pressing need. These states have sided with the Water Management District in South Florida, fearing that many structures that bring water to dry ranches and suburbs will be newly regulated. So has New York City, whose water comes from an intricate network of upstate reservoirs. The city argues that its supplies could be threatened if silt-laden water was subject to quality tests as it moved through tunnels en route to city taps. Supporters of the Miccosukees argue that if the tribe loses, the regulatory framework that keeps waterways clean would be undone. The tribe's opponents focus on the need to be nimble in controlling the movement of water. What they fear is not the dismantling of needed regulatory controls but the imposition of what they see as new, superfluous requirements for federal permits that would usurp the states' rights and ability to manage their water resources. Strict permit rules, they fear, would bring delays, citizen lawsuits and requirements for expensive antipollution equipment. "Take the worst-case scenario," said Robert Bennett, a spokesman for the Central Arizona Project, that state's major water agency. "All of that is going to slow down and reduce the amount of water we could deliver. The sucking sound you hear would be the people of Phoenix turning on their taps." The Miccosukee say their goal is to protect the Everglades by forcing the water district to get a permit for the pump and, eventually, to detoxify its discharge. For now, the Everglades appear to be healthy along the Tamiami Trail. About 50 miles to the northeast, where sugar cane and sod fields bound the wetlands and the runoff is laced with higher concentrations of phosphorus, the Everglades have become a very different place. Thick, tall stands of cattails, which thrive on phosphorus, have elbowed out the saw grass, and many other kinds of plants and fish have vanished. "The cattails show the destruction of everything," said Ronald D. Jones, an Everglades expert who is a professor of biology at Portland State University. Gary Goforth, the chief consulting engineer for the Everglades Construction Project, disagrees. The water district is fulfilling the mandates of the state's Everglades Forever Act, Mr. Goforth says, by building containment areas that use a variety of methods to remove phosphorus, including biological allies like underwater plants and surface algae. In addition to their gambling business, the Miccosukees have a modest tourist operation offering traditional crafts, alligator wrestling and airboat tours of the Everglades. One airboat outfit bears the name of Buffalo Tiger, an 84-year-old tribal elder. While water managers and environmentalists see the battle over S-9 as a critical test of wills, for Buffalo Tiger cleaning up the Everglades is simply the right thing to do. But, he added: "You can't fix it. You can only patch it up. Then in 30 to 50 years, you'll have to do it again." Copyright c. 2004 The New York Times Company. --------- "RE: Federal Judge dismisses Lawsuit against OHA" --------- Date: Thu, 15 Jan 2004 08:11:45 -0700 From: Gary Smith Subj: NA News Item - - - - - - -- - - - - - - filename="HAWAII" http://www.owlstar.com/dailyheadlines.htm http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2004/Jan/15/ln/ln03a.html Federal judge dismisses lawsuit against OHA By Vicki Viotti Advertiser Staff Writer January 15, 2004 A federal judge yesterday dismissed a case challenging the constitutionality of government programs for Native Hawaiians, ruling that the court should not interfere with the ongoing congressional debate over Hawaiians' political status. U.S. District Judge Susan Oki Mollway found that Congress had in recent years recognized a "special trust relationship" with Hawaiians of varying blood quantum levels, drawing them closer to becoming a political class akin to Native Americans for whom separate benefits are allowed. H. William Burgess, attorney for Earl Arakaki and 10 others who filed the challenge, said he would appeal the case to the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco. But the judge's action in the Arakaki v. Lingle case ends, at least for now, the latest attack on the state Office of Hawaiian Affairs, the last remaining target named in the lawsuit. OHA was established by a 1978 state constitutional amendment for the benefit of Native Hawaiians. Mollway earlier dismissed the state Department of Hawaiian Home Lands and other defendants from the case. OHA supporters were enthralled yesterday. "I think she (Mollway) recognizes that it's for Congress, not the courts, to determine the question of whether native people are going to be accorded special benefits, and to what extent," said attorney Sherry Broder. Broder's motion to dismiss the case contended that recent acts of Congress shepherding Hawaiian programs have fueled a political process that the courts should not interrupt. Burgess maintained last night that his clients' claims were made merely against state agencies such as OHA and DHHL, and that the issue of whether Hawaiians are comparable to a Native American tribe is irrelevant to the case. "But I've read the decision, and it's specific and clear," he said. "It's done and we can move on, and that's what courts are supposed to do." The original lawsuit, filed almost two years ago, continued a series of challenges against Hawaiian-only benefits. They began five years ago with the U.S. Supreme Court's landmark Rice v. Cayetano decision. In that case, the court found that restriction of OHA elections to Hawaiian voters as a racial group was unconstitutional. Another case opened candidacy for OHA trustees to all voters. The Arakaki lawsuit sought to extend the equal-protection claim to OHA programs as well as its elections. The suit was dealt a serious blow when Mollway decided the plaintiffs did not have standing to challenge the constitutionality of federally mandated programs, which meant the plaintiffs had no claim against Hawaiian homesteaders. But OHA contended Native Hawaiians are recognized as a political entity rather than a racial group with the Akaka bill pending in Congress and federal laws providing educational and health benefits for Native Hawaiians. "Congress is not silent here," Mollway wrote. "It is speaking, but what it will conclude is unclear. It is in recognition of the continuing debate in Congress that this court defers to Congress." OHA Chairwoman Haunani Apoliona offered thanks in Hawaiian to the spiritual realm: "Mahalo i ke Akua, mahalo i na 'aumakua." But she also acknowledged that Hawaiians will continue to face legal threats - including the appeal of a case challenging Kamehameha Schools' admission policy. Reach Vicki Viotti at vviotti@honoluluadvertiser.com or 525-8053. COPYRIGHT c. 2004 The Honolulu Advertiser, a division of Gannett Co. Inc --------- "RE: BIA Agent says he's Victim of Retaliation" --------- Date: Mon, 19 Jan 2004 08:54:46 -0700 From: Gary Smith Subj: NA News Item - - - - - - -- - - - - - - filename="RETALIATION" http://www.owlstar.com/dailyheadlines.htm http://www.spokesmanreview.com/~s1473904&cat=section.Tribal_news Agent says he's victim of retaliation After investigating reports of police corruption on reservation, now he faces tribal charges Bill Morlin Staff writer January 18, 2003 A federal Bureau of Indian Affairs agent who says he was uncovering suspected police corruption on the Spokane Indian Reservation is now defending himself against legal challenges. The case of special agent Duane Garvais has reached Washington's congressional delegation and the highest levels of the troubled Bureau of Indian Affairs. It's also ripe with potential legal precedent -- pitting an Indian tribe's claim of legal jurisdiction against a federal agent's right to criminal and civil immunity for job-related actions. Garvais was placed on paid administrative leave 17 months ago as he was investigating reports that police officers were involved in tape deck thefts and drug trafficking on the Spokane reservation. No charges resulted from those investigations. The Spokane Tribe is now pressing its own criminal charges against Garvais, accusing him of mishandling undercover drug funds. The U.S. Department of Justice refused last year to prosecute him on those same charges, saying there is insufficient proof he did anything illegal. Garvais claims he's a victim of retaliation and has done nothing illegal. At a hearing Friday on the Spokane reservation, Garvais' attorneys will attempt to have the tribal charges dismissed. They claim the tribe has no jurisdiction over him because he is a federal agent and not an enrolled tribal member. "I'm not aware of any other case like this -- anywhere," said one of Garvais' attorneys, Leslie Weatherhead, of Spokane. Robert Ecoffey, director of BIA law enforcement, and Ed Naranajo, regional BIA law enforcement chief, both refused to discuss the case. "I have no comment," Ecoffey said Friday from BIA headquarters in Albuquerque, N.M. "It's a personnel issue, and I have no comment," Naranajo said from the BIA regional office in Billings. Robert Flett, chief of police on the Spokane reservation, refused to discuss the matter last week. Flett, a BIA employee, referred questions to Naranajo, who placed Garvais on leave. The tribal charges against Garvais were developed in part by the same BIA officers he investigated in 2001 on suspicion of criminal misconduct, court documents show. While on paid leave, the federal law enforcement agent was arrested last August at the Omak Stampede on the Colville Indian Reservation. Colville tribal police Officers Mike Kessler and Kevin Anderson used a Spokane tribal warrant to make the arrest. Garvais challenged the legality of their acts. He was held in tribal jails for five days before his Spokane attorney could file a writ of habeas corpus in federal court, challenging the Spokane Tribe's arrest of a federal officer. Besides ricocheting through BIA ranks, the case is getting the attention of the Federal Law Enforcement Officers Association. It also has been brought to the attention of Washington Democratic Sens. Patty Murray and Maria Cantwell, and Rep. George Nethercutt, R-Wash. The matter is now being reviewed by the Office of Personnel Management, which does background and security clearances on federal employees, sources said. It also has resulted in a lawsuit filed by Garvais in U.S. District Court against the Spokane Tribe and three of its officers. In the suit, Garvais claims he was targeted for retaliation and his civil rights were violated. At a court hearing Friday, Senior U.S. District Court Judge Justin Quackenbush set the civil rights suit for trial on Aug. 1, 2005. The federal judge also didn't dismiss Garvais' habeas petition action. In the pending tribal court case, the U.S. Attorney's Office filed a legal brief, agreeing that the Spokane Tribe has no jurisdiction over a federal agent. The tribe counters that it does have jurisdiction. Garvais is a descendent of the Colville Confederated Tribes, but not an enrolled member of any tribe. Those opposing views set the stage for what could become a case with legal precedent, according to Weatherhead and other legal experts familiar with the case. The U.S. Attorney's brief says there is a complex legal formula, based upon prior court rulings, that must be used to determine whether someone is an American Indian. Garvais, who now lives in Stevens County, has been on paid leave since September 2002. The 37-year-old federal agent said he couldn't talk publicly about his case, but agreed to release a brief prepared statement. "As a veteran of the United States Marine Corps and having taken an oath as a special agent, I am duty-bound to expose immoral, unethical and illegal conduct and to report these matters to my supervisors," Garvais wrote."The situation of the Spokane Indian Reservation is simply a matter of upholding these principles and doing what is right. "Federal officers of the Department of Interior, who confess to criminal activities, should not be allowed or authorized to be law enforcement officers," he said in the statement. "The Department of Interior's BIA law enforcement program has the same ethical and moral responsibility to fairly and honestly investigate allegations, regardless of political pressure." Garvais claims the thievery he uncovered is symptomatic of what he believes is more widespread police corruption on the Spokane Indian Reservation. The Spokane Tribe, which used to have its own tribal police force, elected about five years ago to hand its law enforcement duties to the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Most of the eight BIA officers currently assigned to the Spokane reservation either are members of the Spokane Tribe or are related to tribal members. Garvais was commissioned as a BIA special agent in 1999 and assigned to do investigative work on the Spokane reservation. He earlier worked as a detective for the Colville Tribal Police and was commended for his work in an extensive cocaine trafficking case in 1995 that resulted in 17 convictions in U.S. District Court, public records show. A former Marine, Garvais graduated with honors from the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center in Georgia. Documents reveal Garvais learned from informants in 2000 that BIA police officers were involved in the theft of car stereos on the Spokane reservation. Garvais forwarded that information to Naranajo, the agency's regional law enforcement commander in Billings, the documents show. Garvais also was investigating reports from citizens that BIA employees, who have relatives and friends on the Spokane reservation, were tipping off drug dealers about undercover drug buys and raids, the documents disclose. In addition, he was investigating reports that some BIA officers were periodically stealing items from a reservation equipment warehouse, announcing over their police radios that the "store was open," according to the documents. The case is detailed in documents filed in tribal court, others filed in U.S. District Court and taped interviews with three tribal police officers. Naranajo sent deputy commander Glen Melville from Billings to the Spokane reservation to investigate reports of tape deck thefts. Melville, who transferred to another federal agency, couldn't be reached for comment. An internal affairs investigation was ordered, but criminal charges were never filed. In tape-recorded interviews, BIA Officers William Matt Jr. and Ted Wynecoop confessed to stealing a tape deck while on duty on the Spokane reservation. Flett said he and his officers couldn't talk about the matter, and the officers couldn't be reached. The tape deck was stolen by the police officers in 2001 from a government car assigned to tribal court probation Officer Andrew Matherly, according to taped confessions obtained by The Spokesman-Review. Matherly filed a formal complaint with Garvais, and wanted something done about the theft. His car was parked across the street from the police station in Wellpinit when the on-duty officers used "slim jims" to break into the vehicle and steal the tape deck, according to the taped confessions. The officers later said they took the deck as a "prank." "I am aware that what I did is wrong," Wynecoop said in a tape-recorded confession. "It was lack of better judgment on my part." The two officers and a third officer each were given a few days off without pay, but criminal charges weren't filed. Garvais' effort pursuing the theft case and other allegations of corruption triggered a political firestorm on the Spokane reservation. Naranajo traveled from Montana and met privately with the Spokane Tribal Council before it passed a resolution in November 2001 asking that Garvais be removed as a special agent on the reservation. Naranajo temporarily transferred Garvais to the Northern Cheyenne Reservation in Montana and later to the Wind River Reservation in Wyoming, where he worked as acting chief. Garvais applied for the chief's job at Wind River, but returned to the Spokane area when he didn't get the appointment. He was put on paid leave in September 2002. Upon his return, Garvais learned that the BIA officers involved in the tape deck theft and the Spokane Tribe were accusing him of wrongdoing. The accusation resulted in another internal affairs investigation by the BIA, this time of Garvais. The BIA investigated Garvais for alleged irregularities involving informants and undercover drug-buy money. Garvais claims that he gave Flett, the Spokane tribal police chief, a complete written inventory of the funds and equipment before being placed on leave and that no irregularities were found. After reviewing the BIA investigation of Garvais, Assistant U.S. Attorney Jim Shively declined last July to file charges, saying there was insufficient evidence of wrongdoing. The senior Justice Department official, however, did sharply criticize the Bureau of Indian Affairs for "fundamental investigative shortcomings" in supervising Garvais. That criticism made its way to Naranajo and Ecoffey, who oversees BIA law enforcement from his Albuquerque office. Three months later, Naranajo notified Garvais he was going to be removed from his position as a special agent because, according to the BIA, he didn't meet "Indian descendant preference" requirements when he was hired. Garvais is legally challenging that decision. Bill Morlin can be reached at (509) 459-5444 or by e-mail at billm@spokesman.com. -- Spokane, Wash., Coeur d'Alene, Idaho and the Inland Northwest Copyright c. 2004, The Spokesman-Review. --------- "RE: Judge denies Janklow's request for Acquittal" --------- Date: Wed, 14 Jan 2004 08:33:56 -0700 From: Gary Smith Subj: NA News Item - - - - - - -- - - - - - - filename="JANKLOW DENIED" http://www.owlstar.com/dailyheadlines.htm http://www.rapidcityjournal.com/~/state/top/state01.txt Judge denies Janklow's request for acquittal By Carson Walker, Associated Press Writer January 14, 2004 FLANDREAU - The judge who presided over U.S. Rep. Bill Janklow's trial has refused to overturn a Moody County jury's verdict, denying Janklow's request for an acquittal of second-degree manslaughter. Judge Rodney Steele heard testimony Tuesday from Janklow's lawyer, Ed Evans, who argued that prosecutors didn't present enough evidence to establish beyond a reasonable doubt that the congressman is guilty of the felony. "It's not the judge's job at this point in the proceeding to substitute his judgment for the jury's verdict," Steele said in denying Janklow's motion. "I'm giving the jury the deference it's entitled to." In addition to manslaughter, jurors on Dec. 8 convicted Janklow, R-S.D., of reckless driving, speeding and running a stop sign for an Aug. 16 accident near Trent that killed motorcyclist Randy Scott, 55, of Hardwick, Minn. Another hearing is set for Feb. 10 to hear a request for a new trial. At the hearing Tuesday, Evans argued that prosecutors didn't prove recklessness, which is needed to convict someone of second-degree manslaughter. Speeding and running a stop sign alone are not enough, he said. "The law demands you must recognize the risk, disregard it and know it will create certain results," he said. "Nothing in the record indicated Mr. Janklow knew about the risk and ignored it." Evans said Janklow did not see the stop sign. But Moody County State's Attorney Bill Ellingson said Janklow told at least two officers at the accident scene that he was slowing down before the stop sign. Speeding was only one of several pieces of evidence that proved Janklow was reckless, he said. Janklow, who attended the hearing, plans to resign from Congress next Tuesday, Jan. 20. He is to be sentenced in Flandreau two days later. South Dakota doesn't require minimum sentences. Possible sentences range from no time behind bars and no fines up to as much as 10 years in prison, 14 months in jail and $11,400 in fines. The judge could also require restitution, community service or set other special conditions. Copyright c. 2004 the Rapid City Journal. --------- "RE: S.D. Indians will watch Janklow's sentencing" --------- Date: Mon, 19 Jan 2004 08:54:46 -0700 From: Gary Smith Subj: NA News Item - - - - - - -- - - - - - - filename="REMEMBER JACINTA" http://www.owlstar.com/dailyheadlines.htm http://www.startribune.com/stories/484/4326482.html S.D. Indians will watch Janklow's sentencing Thursday for 'justice' Richard Meryhew, Star Tribune January 19, 2004 When U.S. Rep. Bill Janklow heads to court this week to be sentenced for second-degree manslaughter and reckless driving, nearly all of South Dakota will be watching. The scrutiny will be especially intense in the state's American Indian community, where the outspoken and opinionated Republican launched a colorful and controversial political career by confronting leaders of the American Indian Movement in the early 1970s. Three decades after tragedy on the Pine Ridge reservation, hard feelings toward Janklow -- who served four terms as governor before being elected to the U.S. House in 2002 -- persist for many on South Dakota's nine Indian reservations. To some, the thought of a law-and-order conservative facing prison time for speeding through a stop sign last August and killing a Minnesota motorcyclist is justice of sorts for what they've long perceived to be his insensitive attitude toward them. "What goes around comes around," said Clyde Bellecourt, a founder of the American Indian Movement. "For Indian people, there is what we call spiritual repercussion," said Roberta Ecoffey, who was born and raised on Pine Ridge in southwestern South Dakota and works as a research analyst for the Oglala Sioux Health Administration Program there. "My first thought after the Janklow accident was, 'Here's the payback.' I think a lot of our people feel that. This is a spiritual repercussion for him. I always believe everything happens for a reason. If you send out good, it comes back. If you send out bad, it comes back." Debate over sentence Janklow, 64, was convicted last month of speeding, running a stop sign, reckless driving and second-degree manslaughter in the Aug. 16 death of Randolph Scott, 55, a farmer from Hardwick, Minn. After the verdict, he announced plans to resign from Congress. His last day is Tuesday. Reached by phone Sunday, Janklow declined to discuss his case or other issues, saying simply, "I don't discuss any of this stuff since the accident." On Thursday, he'll return to the Moody County Courthouse to be sentenced. The stiffest penalty he could receive is for his felony manslaughter conviction -- 10 years in prison and a $10,000 fine. However, because South Dakota does not have the kind of sentencing guidelines Minnesota has, the judge has great leeway in deciding Janklow's punishment. Just what he'll decide has stirred passionate debate across a largely rural and sparsely populated state, which has the third-largest percentage of Indians in the nation -- more than 8 percent of the 760,000 residents are Indian. Will Janklow's status work for or against him? Will he do prison time or be sentenced to probation and community service? "I think the biggest fear there is, 'Is justice going to be done?' " said Tim Giago, editor and publisher of the Lakota Journal in Rapid City, S.D. "For all intent and purposes, he could still get a slap on the wrist and walk." 'Wild Bill' Janklow's complex relationship with the state's Indian population dates back nearly four decades, when he started out as a legal-aid attorney on the Rosebud Reservation, near the Nebraska border. From 1966 to 1973 he worked with and defended hundreds of Indian clients, endearing himself to many by aggressively challenging discriminatory practices. But it has been his words and actions in the subsequent years that contributed to current attitudes. When bloody civil war overran the Pine Ridge Reservation in the early 1970s and rioting broke out at the courthouse in Custer, S.D., Janklow was called in as a special prosecutor. During his prosecution of the militant AIM leaders, he proclaimed that "the only way to deal with the Indian problem . . . is to put a gun to the AIM leaders' heads and pull the trigger." Such talk earned him the nickname "Wild Bill" and the reputation of "Indian fighter," alienating Indians who saw him as racist but endearing him to many in a conservative and predominantly white state. Further straining the relationship was an unsubstantiated rape charge that surfaced in 1974 when Janklow was campaigning for the office of attorney general. Janklow denied the charge, claiming it was the fallout from a tense and nasty political campaign. The FBI investigated but found no basis for the accusation, which dated back to his years on the Rosebud reservation. In 1975, when two federal agents were killed and one Indian died in a standoff at Pine Ridge, it was Janklow, by then the state's attorney general and top law enforcement officer, who flew to the reservation armed and ready to keep the peace. A few years later, while running for governor, Janklow told the Minneapolis Tribune that he had a "shoot 'em up, mow 'em down" reputation. "Janklow used those times and that atmosphere to launch his campaign from a little tribal attorney working on the reservation to run for attorney general and eventually governor," said Bellecourt, of Minneapolis. "He let people know we'd never be a voice again in South Dakota if he was elected." Hard feelings The years since have brought other slights, disagreements and misunderstandings. While former Gov. George Mickelson, who served before Janklow returned to office in 1994 after Mickelson's death, promoted racial harmony and established "Native American Day" as a South Dakota holiday, Janklow downplayed its significance. He once skipped a holiday ceremony, saying he had prior commitments. More recently, when a state civil rights study was released criticizing South Dakota's legal system for its treatment of Indians, Janklow called the work "garbage." Although some say the criticism was valid -- the report was based on anecdotal information, prompting Janklow to ask for more research -- the governor's response was seen as insensitive. Fair or not, Janklow's long run as governor -- 16 years before heading to Congress -- also made him a target of criticism by Indians who believe their lives and fortunes have not improved through the years. Indeed, the Pine Ridge and Rosebud reservations rank among the poorest places to live in the United States. "He was in a position where he could have done a lot of things," said Richard Yellowbird, an administrative assistant to the president of the Oglala Sioux Tribe. "He knew a lot about treaty rights and the inner workings of tribal government. He probably knew more about Indian people than anyone else in the state in law enforcement. But he was just against us for his own political purposes. . . . I'd have to say Janklow was pretty callous toward Indian people." Other Indian leaders see it differently, pointing out that in January 2003, Janklow, then in his final days as governor, pardoned AIM leader Russell Means, who was convicted of a felony for a courthouse disturbance in Sioux Falls in 1974. "This comes at a time when you put things behind you if you can," Janklow said, explaining the pardon. "I am a believer in that." They also say Janklow has consistently made distinctions between AIM activists and his relationship with other Indians. "I've listened and watched, and yes, there are hurt feelings," said Mike Jandreau, chairman of the Lower Brule Sioux Tribe, near the state capital of Pierre. "There are feelings of injustice." But, Jandreau said, it's too easy to put the blame on one man. "Is it one man or the entire system?" he said. "If only one man in our state is able to wield such power, it is an indictment of the intelligence of our people. And I believe the people of our state are much more intelligent than that. "My public relationship and private relationship with this man has always been aboveboard, has always been straightforward. I respected him as a man. And I believe he respects me as a man." Jandreau also questions the perspective that Janklow's troubles are a comeuppance for past deeds. Twelve times in four years in the early 1990s, between his two eight- year stints as governor, Janklow was cited for speeding. And less than a year before the accident that killed Scott, he ran a stop sign at that same intersection and nearly hit a truck carrying a family of four. That incident, and another near-miss involving a state trooper in Rapid City, were documented at Janklow's trial. "For people to go so far as to indicate, 'Yeah, this is spiritual retribution,' is very dangerous," Jandreau said. "And it's very dangerous to the mentality of who we are as Indian people. I don't know of anyone who publicly on our reservation would come out and say, 'Well, God did this to him.' " As governor, Janklow had been a vocal advocate for tougher sentences. Now that he's been convicted, there is curiosity about how tough his sentence will be. "He's kind of eating his words here," said Jean Paul Roy, a member of the Santee Sioux Tribe in Flandreau. "But I do believe the long arm of the law finally caught up to him." Richard Meryhew is at richm@startribune.com. Copyright c. 2004 Star Tribune. All rights reserved. --------- "RE: Hopeful Writ of Habeas for Leonard Peltier" --------- Date: Thu, 15 Jan 2004 19:23:14 -0800 (PST) From: Carter Camp Subj: Hopeful Writ of Habeas for Leonard Peltier! Mailing List: ndn-aim Writ of Habeas - Filed by Leonard Peltier concerning the Federal Parole Commission Not Setting a Parole Date Author: Bachrach, Barry A. Date: Sun, 11 Jan 2004 The habeas filed by Leonard in the District of Colombia is extremely important to Leonard. as requested, I am writing a summary of the position and why it is a strong case. In 1984, Congress passed a sentencing reform act which ultimately provided for the demise of the parole commissionand required the parole commission to establish a firm date of release for all prisoners still within it jurisdiction within five years of the effective date of the act. The commission was required to set the date within the guidlines and within enough time to give the prisoners an opportunity to appeal from the date set by the commission. This statute became effective on November 1, 1987, thus requiring the commission to establish a firm date for parole within guidelines for leonard prior to October 31, 1992. thus, under the applicable statute, as of November 1,1992, the parole commission would have been abolished and Leonard would have been given a release date within guidelines which means he would have been entitled to be released at 200 months, or Novermber 1992(200 months from 2/76). Thirty six days after the statute became effective, congress amended the statute and, as applicable here, the amendment omitted the mandatory release date criteria and reinstated the parole commission and its previously terminated discretion. The Congressional amendment unconstitutionally violated Leonard's rights by Congress' enacting an ex-post facto punishment and a bill of attainder. In short, once Congress mandated a release of those in Leonard's position within a specific date within guidelines, Congress' subsequent repeal of that statute and its thereby increasing the sentences of those in leonard's position constitutes a violation of Leonard's Constitutional rights and means he has been unconstitutionally incarcerated since 11/92. He should be immediately released. There is strong law in Leonard's favor, We need to rallyaround this issue and insure that the courts finally give Leonard the justice he is due. thanks, Barry Bachrach. --------- "RE: John Graham gets Bail" --------- Date: Fri, 16 Jan 2004 08:24:23 -0700 From: Gary Smith Subj: NA News Item - - - - - - -- - - - - - - filename="GRAHAM RELEASED" http://www.owlstar.com/dailyheadlines.htm http://cnews.canoe.ca/CNEWS/Law/2004/01/15/314255-cp.html Aboriginal activist wanted for 1976 murder in South Dakota gets bail in Vcr By TIFFANY CRAWFORD January 15, 2004 VANCOUVER (CP) - A man wanted in the United States for the murder of a prominent member of the militant American Indian Movement nearly 30 years ago was granted bail with strict conditions Thursday. John Graham, a Yukon native, will essentially live under house arrest at the home of one of his supporters while he awaits an extradition hearing, Associate Chief Justice Patrick Dohm of the B.C. Supreme Court ruled. Dohm also ordered Graham to report to a police officer seven days a week under strict supervision. Graham's lawyer, Terry La Liberte, said his client is "very pleased." "It's been quite a dramatic time for him," La Liberte said. "A lot of very good people in the community have come forward to support him, here, in the Yukon and in the United States." Graham, a father of eight who has been living quietly in Vancouver for years, was charged in the U.S. on March 30, 2003, along with Arlo Looking Cloud, 49. They were charged with the first-degree murder on Dec. 12, 1975, of Anna Mae Aquash. She was a Mik'maq from Nova Scotia who became a leader in the American Indian Movement. Aquash's frozen body, with a gunshot wound to the head, was found on the Pine Ridge reservation in South Dakota. Graham was arrested in Vancouver last month. La Liberte said he believes the case against his client is politically motivated. "There has been a change in the leadership, it seems, of the American Indian Movement, people have different vested interests in the United States," he said outside court. "From what I've seen, from the information that's been provided to me, Mr. Graham is being scapegoated in this." He described his client as a "very strong, gentle man, a very peaceful individual." Graham's supporters say they believe U.S. officials have moved against Graham now because the FBI's case against Looking Cloud, a chronic and homeless alcoholic who is to go to trial Feb. 3, is in trouble. Looking Cloud was supposed to testify against Graham but he has behaved erratically in jail since being arrested. Aquash's daughters, Deborah Pictou Maloney, now an RCMP officer in Nova Scotia, and Denise Maloney of Toronto have applauded the arrests, after demanding an end to "a conspiracy of silence" about their mother's murder. Graham's next court appearance is March 1 to set a date for his extradition hearing. Supporters helped raise $25,000 for the bail. Graham's case has been compared to that of Leonard Peltier. Peltier, another AIM activist, was arrested in Canada and later extradited in 1976. He is serving two life sentences for the 1975 murders of two FBI agents in South Dakota. He was extradited in 1976 on the basis of affidavits that were later questioned. Amnesty International and a former Canadian justice minister have said Peltier should never have been extradited based on the faulty information. Copyright c. 2004, CANOE, a division of Netgraphe Inc. --------- "RE: Native Prisoner" --------- Date: Mon, Jan 19 2004 19:18:40 -0700 From: Janet Smith Subj: NA News Item - - - - - - -- - - - - - - http://www.gallupindependent.com/01-15-04nativeamericaninma.html Native American inmates offered spiritual healing Pamela G. Dempsey Dine' Bureau January 15, 2004 WINDOW ROCK - For the first time in nine years, American Indian inmates at the Arizona Department of Corrections' Perryville Complex will get to go to church. The women's prison is allowing its first-ever spiritual gathering for the 165 or so American Indian inmates on Feb. 13. "Bottom line is spiritual healing, whether spiritual counseling, talking circles, spiritual gatherings or pipe ceremonies," said Len Foster, program supervisor for the Department of Behavioral Health Services. "It is very important for our own people's recovery for healing to take place." Foster, who is also a spiritual advisor for the Navajo Nation Corrections Program, said, in the past, religious freedoms have been denied to incarcerated American Indians. "If the act is denied, then we're denying our people a recovery to get well," he said. Ricardo Valdenegro, a volunteer spiritual advisor to the Perryville inmates, is looking for dancers, drum groups, and other spiritual leaders to boost the impact of the spiritual gathering. The one problem, however, is the length of time they are given to hold the gathering. Although Valdenegro asked for a full eight-hour day to hold the event, he was given four hours. "As you know, many of our elders, if they come, will take more than four or five hours just to get there," he stated in an e-mail to Janet Napolitano, Arizona's governor. "All I am asking for is equal treatment for all that the Freedom of Religious Act guarantees for all peoples of all cultures in any part of this great country." Prison policy allows three to four hours for pow-wow or other ceremonies only. Valdenegro alleges other non-American Indian inmates are allowed more time for their faith practices, such as Catholic Cursillos, which is held for two days. An unlimited number of spiritual leaders are allowed to attend the gathering, however, those interested have until Feb. 3 so guests can get clearance before the event, said the prison's chaplain, Dan Butler. Attendees cannot bring anything considered contraband into the prison and cannot give anything to the inmates or take anything from them. "(This includes) cash more than $20, cell phones, or pagers," he said. Family members of the inmates are not allowed to attend. Families, Foster said, are an important part of the recovery and healing process the spiritual gathering offers. "It's important to have that at least once or twice a year," he said. Dancers, drum groups, or other spiritual leaders who want to attend need to contact Ricardo Valdenegro at (520) 235-6362 by Feb. 3. Copyright c. 2004 Gallup Independent. --------- "RE: History: Carlisle Indian School" --------- Date: Fri, 26 Dec 2003 21:39:36 -0500 From: Barbara Landis Subj: December 26, 1890 INDIAN HELPER, Carlisle Indian School Newspaper. [Editorial Note: These reprints are being included in this newsletter so that you might know the mind of those who ran institutions like Carlisle.] THE INDIAN HELPER ~%^%~ A WEEKLY LETTER FROM THE Carlisle Indian Industrial School To Boys and Girls. ================================================ VOL. VI. FRIDAY, DECEMBER 26 1890 NUMBER 17 ================================================ No Indian Helper next week. ----*---- A Merry Christmas, and A Happy New Year to all. ----*---- (Concluded from Last Week.) THE VERY FIRST PAWNEE SCHOOL IN THE INDIAN TERRITORY. ---- How a Chief Tried to Scare Aunt Martha. "When I was about to arise and leave the lodge, thinking that there was no use in trying to argue further, the chief wrapped his blanket over his shoulders and came around to where I was sitting. I then stood up and took the hand he offered thinking it was his way of saying "Good bye," and that he wished me to go. But instead, he said "I have always tried to please the great father at Washington, and so I will now. I will do my best to get the boys and girls you wish." "You are very kind," I said "and being the head chief, I am sure they will do what you ask them to do." Thanking him for his promise I left the lodge and went home not knowing what the result of the talk really would be. The next day I went to the school house and waited. Ten, eleven o'clock came, and no pupils had reported. I was very much discouraged indeed and was about to go home to my dinner when taking a last glance over toward the creek, the direction from which the pupils were to come I saw a cloud of dust. Looking again, sure enough, there was a line of little Indian children, all wrapped up in their tiny blankets. The line was headed by the very chief with whom I had talked the day before, and the little ones were walking in true Indian fashion, one behind the other. As they approached I went p to them to shake hands and give them a pleasant greeting but they held their little blankets close up around their ears and head, indeed, leaving only their small black eyes peeping out. I could not make out whether there were girls in the party or not. When I said "How! How!" trying to imitate the Indians, then some of them put down their blankets so that I could see them laugh. "How many girls have you?" was my first question to the chief. He shook his head and said "Kaukee." I knew that meant "No." "No girls!" I exclaimed. "Forty boys, and no girls? This will never do." "We have no girls in our camp," said the chief. "Excuse me," I said, "but I saw plenty of girls in your village, when I was over there yesterday." "Kaukee," he repeated. "They were married women, or were too little to go to school." "I think you are mistaken," I answered. "I speak the truth," said he smiting himself on the breast and standing very erect. But I went on. "My eyes can see straight," I said. "I saw girls in your camp who ought to be in school. The great father wants them to come to school. They must come. Now how will we get them to come?" "They are not there." he said growing in earnest. "Please don't tell me that again," I said very politely but very decidedly. "I know what I am talking about. If you do not bring the girls there is some other reason. It is not because there are no girls in your camp. I saw the girls with my own eyes. Now tell me why is it you will not bring them so I may report the true reason to Washington." "Do you tell me I lie?" said the chief taking a step towards me. "I say you are mistaken," I said. The chief did not like to be talked to in that way by a woman and before all the boys, too. The interpreter did not like to tell the chief all I said. He said, "He will get mad at you." "That makes no difference," said I to the interpreter. "You are to tell him exactly what I say." I knew enough of the language to know -------------------------------------- (Continued on Fourth Page.) ============================== (page 2) The Indian Helper. ----------------------------- PRINTED EVERY FRIDAY, AT THE INDIAN INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL, CARLISLE, PA. BY THE INDIAN PRINTER BOYS. --> THE INDIAN HELPER is PRINTED by Indian boys, but EDITED by The-Man-on-the-band-stand, who is NOT an Indian. ----------------------------- Price: - 10 cents a year. ============================== Address INDIAN HELPER, Carlisle, Pa. Miss M. Burgess, Manager. ============================== Entered in the P.O. at Carlisle as second class mail matter. ============================== The INDIAN HELPER is paid for in advance, so do not hesitate to take the paper from the Post Office, for fear a bill will be presented. ============================= In a private letter from Miss DeSette, missionary among the Zuni Pueblos, she says, "The teachers and pupils of Zuni Indian Day School send the heartiest greetings and very best wishes to the teachers and pupils of Carlisle. In the words of 'Tiny Tim' 'God bless all of us.'" Many thanks, dear friends, and the teachers and pupils of the Carlisle School when they read this will with one voice send Christmas and New Year's Greetings to their brave co-worker in the far away West, and to her companion in the work, as well as to their pupils. --------- A plaintive letter from Elizabeth Blackmoon, now at Genoa School, Nebraska, makes the hearts of her friends feel sad. We are glad she had the pluck to leave the vile influences in her home life and to go to the first school she could get in. Her people tried to make her dress in Indian clothes and to marry an uneducated camp Indian. They even sold her or tried to sell her for horses, but Elizabeth would not sell. The Christian education she had received would not permit her to do the wicked things they tried to force her into, so she left home. May Elizabeth always have the courage to do RIGHT, is the wish of her friend, the Man-on-the-band-stand, and of all her friends at Carlisle. --------- Jemima Wheelock writes very interesting letters to her friends at the school, not in the spirit of boasting nor with the intention of having her little experiences published, however, but we know Jemima's big heart will not object to our making public anything we think will interest her friends or do good to her people. It will result in good for her race if it can be demonstrated that the Indian girl is as courageous and energetic as others. That Jemima is a brave example of pluck and energy will be seen by the following extracts from a recent letter: "I am working hard and I can only laugh when I think of how many times I've got to make fire through the coming winter. The school-house was in a bad condition when I came, and I especially dreaded to pull the wood out of the snow, for there was no woodshed; but I will tell you how I managed to build a wood-shed, and to get other things I needed, I called on a Judge at Green Bay and I told him what I wanted. I was a stranger, mind you, but to my luck I drew a paper from this Judge, which introduced me to the most prominent people of Green Bay. I went to all the banks of Green Bay and I collected enough money to build a woodshed and without any trouble, and now I have a nice woodshed and a storm house built. I bought two new doors and had all the windows fixed. The woodshed will hold about ten cords of wood and now I can laugh again, because I will not have to dig the snow for my wood. I had three carpenters to work for me. I feel as though I was the mother of my forty children. Christmas is coming soon and I would like to give something to every one of my scholars, but there is nothing to give." Jemima is trying to work out a scheme to clothe her pupils comfortably. They need boots and shoes, and warm clothing, she says, and the Man-on-the-band-stand knows she will get them, somehow. --------- Frank Locke writes from the Rosebud Agency, Dak., in relation to the Indian troubles in that country. He seems to think that an Indian outbreak means a great deal more to newspaper men than to any other class of people especially when they want to "finish out columns" and get pay for them. He gives his reasons for the present "outbreak." The first difficulty arose between the Rosebud and the Pine Ridge Indians in regard to the line of their reservation. After the Rosebud Indians had improved their places, built houses, plowed their farms and built fences around them, erected churches and schoolhouses where the children could be taught all good things" they did not want to move, as was stipulated they should by the last treaty. Then came the Messiah craze, etc. The settlers were frightened and petitioned to the Governor to be saved from being swept from the face of the earth as the Indian Messiah claimed they would be. The soldiers surrounded the Indian camps, the Indians fled, and thus the excitement grew from bad to worse. We are glad to find that Frank, although in the midst of it, takes a sensible view of the situation. When each Indian gets his eyes open sufficiently to see that the sooner he learns to lead *himself* instead of following the advice of ignorant chiefs the better it will be for him. --------- The little story now being published in book form by Houghton, Mifflin & Co., Boston, is to be called "Stiya: Or, a Carlisle Indian Girl at Home." The story it will be remembered is founded on fact, and the scenes are laid in Pueblo Villages of New Mexico. There will be a number of illustrations showing the peculiar houses in which the Pueblos live and their manner of dress. We have a little Stiya with us at present and use her name because it strikes our fancy. --------- ANSWER TO LAST WEEK'S ENIGMA: Reverence. ============================= At the Carlisle Indian school, is published monthly an eight-page quarto of standard size, called THE RED MAN, the mechanical part of which is done entirely by Indian boys. This paper is valuable as a summary of information on Indian matters, and contains writings by Indian pupils, and local incidents of the school. Terms: Fifty cents a year, in advance. For 1, 2, and 3 subscribers for THE RED MAN we give the same premium in Standing Offer for the HELPER. Address, THE RED MAN, Carlisle, PA. =========================== (page 3) No HELPER next week. Mrs. Allen of St. Louis, is visiting her sister, Mrs. Pratt. Miss Hunt's sister Mrs. Barker, of Jamestown, N.Y. is here. Lydia Flint and Rosa Bourassa have gone to Wellsville to spend Christmas. Clara Faber and Cecilia Londrosh are in from Millersville Normal School. Cecilia will spend the holidays among school-mates at Muncy, and Watsontown. Our Christmas news cannot go out before week after next, then we will try to give it in full, and there will be much to give according to indications at the present writing - Tuesday night. An interesting letter from Frank Twiss explains the Indian situation at Pine Ridge Agency, Dak., very much as Frank Locke does. He blames the newspapers for much of the excitement, but he thinks there *are* some bad Indians in the Sioux tribe. The boys and girls who wanted to come for the holidays but who concluded to stay at their farm homes and save their money are the brave ones after all, those who did come, however, are very welcome and we are glad to see them looking so well and happy. The pleasant countenance of Rev. Dr. Vance, shone in upon us Tuesday. Dr. Vance was formerly pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, Carlisle, but is now ministering to the people of Chester. We as a school can never forget the kindly and impressive talks he so often gave us, and no person is more welcome in our midst than this beloved friend. O-LA-THEN-KA! (Ho, there! Come here!) This is the Portuguese word Dr. Chamberlain left with us, this week, and we shall always remember it and the story used to illustrate the necessity of our following the light. Dr. Chamberlain is from Brazil. He is in charge of a number of large schools in that county. He is a missionary and one of the *livest* ones we ever saw. Dr. Chamberlain, and Mr. Gilbert Beaver, so of Governor Beaver arrived on the grounds soon after noon on Monday, went directly to the dining-hall, and there caught the pupils at dinner. A happy catch it was both for the pupils and the Dr. Such grand impressive thoughts were in his great heart and must come out. We wish we had room to give even parts of the wonderful illustrations he used in the words of truth uttered. He first spoke of the growth of Carlisle since his last visit in '82, and then gave descriptions of Brazil. His invitation for us to become educated and helpful and then go to Brazil to help enlighten the millions in darkness in that great country was worthy of our deepest consideration. He said the Lord was working all the race colors into one great rainbow and so mingling them that all would be white, because the *light* is white. As to whether it is best to educate boys and girls together in the same school, the Dr. Seemed to think that as the Lord made families and put boys and girls together in one family it could not be so very wrong to educated them together in a school. No HELPER next week. About thirty boys from the country are expected in to spend Christmas. Several of the boys have gone to the country to spend Christmas with white friends. The next issue of the HELPER will give the name of the person who won the prize for the best story. Dr. and Mrs. Dorchester have recently visited the Genoa Indian School, Nebr., we see by the *Pipe of Peace.* The two boys from Northern Alaska are spending the holidays with their loved missionary father the Rev. H.T. Backman, at Bethlehem. The Great Southern Band of Baltimore favored the school with a grand musical treat last Friday and the twenty-six gentlemen composing the band took dinner at the Teachers' Club. Several of the boys and girls in No. 6 are the happy recipients of Christmas presents from Master Dan Francisco, of Rutland, Vermont, who visited the school, in November last, with his mother. Our subscribers will lose nothing by our not publishing the HELPER next week. The printers wish a little breathing spell, and what more fitting time to take it? Fifty-two numbers of the HELPER make a Volume, or one year, and this is what we give for ten cents. The little INDIAN HELPER is not left out in the cold. The Man-on-the-band-stand has received a present of a necktie. Our good friends Mr. and Mrs. Emmegahbowh, of White Earth, Minnesota, are the donors, but the pleasant words accompanying the little present bring as much joy to the old man's heart as does the neck-tie to his neck. "My dearest little INDIAN HELPER," says the great hearted Indian, "Your weekly visit to my abode has been a most pleasant one. You travel far and wide, yes many hundreds and thousands of miles. Small as you are you are fully able to carry the news to your friends and how wonderful that you always find your destination, to the very doors of your friends. One of our chiefs taking you up said, "The little INDIAN HELPER must have very peculiar and strong scent to find his road in the hundreds, yes, thousands of roads it goes over and passes through.' I think the old chief is right in thus complimenting your swiftness of travel. Do you know whenever you enter my abode I have always given you the best seat, and then invite my companion, both of us to hear you talk. Now, my dear friend, Christmas day is fast approaching, and when all, both the old and the young shall participate in the great rejoicing, little presents will be interchanged. I know you must have been gathering much good news around Carlisle, and therefore, we take this opportunity to send a little present -- my dear companion thought enough and sufficient to buy you a necktie. We are your most dear friends, J.J. Enmegahbowh and Charlotte Enmegahbowh." One of the little boys shall get the neck-tie. ==================================== (Continued From the First Page.) ------------------------------------- when he was telling him all and when the interpreter hesitated I would say, "Go on, tell him that." Finally the chief said as he approached me again; "Here me speak once more, and the last time. I say we have no girls. I am chief. I, too, know what I am talking about." He grew very loud, and said looking straight at me with very fierce eyes, "If you say again we have girls, I will strike you." "Well," said I in surprise; but knowing it would not do to be silent then, I looked at him quietly but straight in the eye, and in as mild a voice as I could use and as kindly as was possible said, "My friend, I am not afraid ever to speak the truth. I say again I saw girls in your village. Here you are head chief of this tribe, but you are no GREAT man. A great man would never threaten to strike a woman. A great man would like to help his people. But you want to keep them back. The father at Washington would be ashamed of such a chief as you are. I shall write a letter and tell him just what kind of a chief you are." "Did the chief strike you, Aunt Martha," said Fred, who by this time was quite excited with the rest of the little party. "Oh, no," said Aunt Martha. "The chief did not intend to strike me. He saw I was a young girl, and he thought if he could scare me that would be an easy way to settle the girl question. He wanted the girls educated as well as I did, but the girls' mammas did not want to send them to school, because they were useful at home. They could carry wood on their little backs and they could bring the water and do lots of things to help their mammas, and that is the reason they did not want to spare them, so it was very difficult for the chief to persuade the women of the camp to give up their girls." "O, yes, I see," said little Mary. "When the chief saw I did not frighten in that way, he turned around and though his back was turned, IK could see that he was smiling. Then I spoke to the interpreter and said, "You tell the chief to take these boys home and tomorrow come again and bring twenty girls and twenty boys and then I will put their names down on the paper." After this direction I left the spot under the trees and went to my home, without even saying good-bye to the chief. The next day I went to the schoolhouse again and waited and waited. I had less hope than the day before that there would be any pupils, but about the same time as on the day previous the line again was seen as I looked off in the direction of the creek and when they reached the trees by the schoolhouse I went out and to my great pleasure saw that there were girls as well as boys, in the party. "Here are the twenty girls," said the chief with a proud twinkle in his eye; but there are thirty boys; can you take them in?" "Yes," I said. "They, too, shall go to school. I will give them all clothing and treat them kindly." Then I went around and shook each dirty little hand and made friends with the owners of them. They all had bright eyes, and when their blankets were removed for coats, pants and hats, and the girls were fitted out in dresses and aprons, you would be surprised how well and how happy they looked. "Aunt Martha, did they have names?" "Certainly. Every little Indian boy and girl has a name of some kind, but some are very long and some are very short. Some are very funny and some are very hard to pronounce, so I gave all the new pupils new English names. One I called Stacy Matlack, one Robert Mathews, one Nellie Aspinall, one Jennie Eyre, Wilson Moore, and so on. All these are names of boys and girls now at Carlisle, or in the East. Whether they remember this their first school, away down in the Indian Territory, will be tested after they read the story, but this was the first Pawnee school in the Indian Territory started. AUNT MARTHA. ========= ---------------- Enigma. --------- I am made of 20 letters. My 1, 2, 5 is what one wears on his head. My 16, 18, 11 is a kind of fish. My 14, 6, 15, 5 is the home of a bird. My 19, 12, 20 is used on machines. My 13 is the first letter inn the alphabet. My 8, 9, 10, 6 is what people do every day. MY 17, 12, 5, 4 is what one boy often does to another. My 3, 7, 8 is another name for boy. My whole is a place in about the center of the United States where Indians go to school. SUBSCRIBER ============================= STANDING OFFER: - For FIVE new subscribers to the INDIAN HELPER, we will give the person sending them a photographic group of the 17 Carlisle Indian Printer boys, on a card 4 1/2 X 6 1/2 inches, worth 20 cents when sold by itself. Name and tribe of each boy given. (Persons wishing the above premium will please enclose a 1-cent stamp to pay postage.) For TEN, Two PHOTOGRAPHS, one showing a group of Pueblos as they arrived in wild dress, and another of the same pupils three years after, or, for the same number of names we give two photographs showing still more marked contrast between a Navajoe as he arrived in native dress, and as he now looks, worth 20 cents a piece. The new combination picture showing all our buildings and band-stand, (boudoir) will also be given for TEN subscribers. (Persons wishing the above premiums will please enclose a 2-cent stamp to pay postage.) For FIFTEEN, we offer a GROUP of the whole school on 9x14 inch card. Faces show distinctly, worth sixty cents. For FIFTEEN, the new combination picture 8x10 showing all our buildings. (Persons wishing the above premium will please send 6 cents to pay postage.) For TWO Subscribers and a One-cent stamp, we send the printed copy of the Apache contrast. For ONE Subscriber and a Two-cent stamp we will send the printed copy of Pueblo contrast. Persons sending clubs must send all the names at once. ======================================== Transcribed from the original by Barbara Landis-- http://www.carlisleindianschool.org --------- "RE: Rustywire: Eagles and Chicken Spirits" --------- Date: Tue, Jun 24 2003 08:44 AM From: rustywire@yahoo.com (john rustywire) Subj: Eagles and Chicken Spirits Newsgroup: alt.native It was a dream and it went like this...One day, when I was 13, my cousin Silas and myself went way up on the mountain where the cliffs were, we found a spot within reach of a tree top and so we were able to crawl up onto the tree. On one of the branches we found an eagle nest, it was big enough we could have layed on it like a bed. We found a small eagle and not knowing any better we took it from there and put it in a gunny sack and went home. A little ways off from the house we built a big bird cage and put the eagle in it and hid it in the cedars. We fed it rabbits and soon it got to be so big it outgrew the cage in two weeks. It was all white, down feathers it looked like someone had used a blow dryer on it and it was a puff ball. It started to turn gray and just outgrew the cage. We realized we could not keep it, because it would tear into us when we reached into the cage. We had to let it go so we took it back to the forest. I told my father what happened and he was pretty upset about it, then he told us he done the same thing when he was young. He spoke of using a rabbit as bait, to lure an eagle into a trap, where you sit under tree branches and reach up and grab it and wrestle it down. Those eagles are pretty tough, when they lay their claws into you, they can really squeeze you. He related that he had done this to pick a feather from the tail, the long middle feather. This feather is used for ceremonies. We lived next to my grandparents, their home or house was small, two rooms. My grandpa made it fancy by using those old time fancy tin design square panels about 18 inches by 18 inches and nailed all close together inside the house. When they were young they were in too much of a hurry to put in an inside wall so it was the outside wall nailed to studs and the fancy tin squares nailed all over inside. He said it was like a ceiling he saw in Albuquerque one time and thought it would be good in case he made the place into a trading post. We laughed at the thought because if were to you put a store counter in there it would take up all the space. People would have to pretty skinny to get in there. Anyway my dad sat us down outside and told us about this feather he got. We followed him to the chicken coup and he got a long chicken feather and brought out a basket, one used for ceremonies and after a while with his back turned to us, he said I will show how to make this feather dance. He told us the eagle feather is special and that medicinemen could make them dance in the basket. After a while my father put the basket down with the feather in it, and put it a ways a way from us. He looked at us and said, because you took that baby eagle from it's nest you will have the eagle spirit with you to follow you around and you might have bad luck. He said to show you what I have said is true, the chickens who are friends of the eagle will follow you around from now on and there feather will dance to let you know their chicken spirit is following you. He stepped away from the basket and sure enough after he started to sing a song, the feather stood up and danced. We marvelled at the site and he said, the chicken spirit is going to follow you because the eagles don't fool around with kids like you, they have more serious things to do. My father walked away and left us there. We looked at the basket and the feather and thought about the chicken spirits following us around...we then left and after a few years asked him how he did it and he would just sit there and laugh.... --------- "RE: Verse: Hawaiian Book of Days" --------- Date: Sat, 17 Jan 2004 17:27:17 -1000 From: Debbie Sanders Subj: Hawaiian Book of Days A HAWAI`I BOOK OF DAYS, week of January 19-25 IANUALI January Ka`elo 19 I walk the land in perfect innocence, a child of yesterday. 20 Here, every day is a beginning, every night a remembering. 21 The owl, pueo, protects me as I walk the forest at night. 22 The song of my spirit is blessed by the winds. 23 In the heart of the mountain burns the fire of new life. 24 The earth's fire, a wave's caress, the never-ceasing kiss of the wind -- of these things is my island born. 25 The morning dew baptizes the grass; a thousand glistening beads reflect the rays of the rising sun. (c) Copyright 1991 by D. F. Sanders Me ke aloha i ka nani, ... Moe'uhanekeanuenue (With love and beauty, ... Rainbow Dream) --------- "RE: Poem: Leonard Peltier: Justice and the President" --------- Date: Fri, 16 Jan 2004 15:59:30 EST From: HGold42734@aol.com Subj: Re: Leonard Peltier: Justice and the President Mailing List: ndn-aim In a message dated 12/27/2003 10:03:53 AM Pacific Standard Time, mjlaburt2@yahoo.com writes: > President Bush has a moral obligation to at least consider a pardon for > Leonard Peltier. It's a matter of justice, compassion and also doing > what is right. > Why Not Drum the White House ~ A Question from Omaste Chumani Why not drum the White House, set it shaking, for all its taking, vibrating walls of complacency, send shivers into insulated tradition, self inflicted blindness for comfort, 24 hour drumming, to the sun, to the moon, to the ears of eardrums, that have been still too long, that have been selective too long, set up the drums, many voices, many nations, singing for freedom, for Leonard, for some kind of justice, why not drum the White House, shake it up, 24 hour prayer of vibrating power. Phil Goldvarg Hgold42734@aol.com --------- "RE: New Eyre Film: Edge of America" --------- Date: Sat, 17 Jan 2004 14:37:08 -0700 From: Gary Smith Subj: NA News Item - - - - - - -- - - - - - - filename="REZ FILM SHOWCASED AT SUNDANCE" http://www.owlstar.com/dailyheadlines.htm http://www.parkrecord.com/Stories/0,1413,122~8140~1897093,00.html 'Edge of America:' victory on the reservation Director of 'Smoke Signals' to showcase latest native-based film By Casey R. Basden January 17, 2004 Filmmaker Chris Eyre is convinced that the 2004 Sundance Film Festival is going to be great. He is probably a little biased considering his film, "Edge of America, is premiering opening night in Salt Lake City. This, however, is not the first time Eyre has had work splashing the screen at Sundance. Actually, it is his fifth. His film "Smoke Signals won the Audience Award and the Filmmaker's Trophy at the 1998 festival. Whether or not that kind of success will befall "Edge of America is yet to be determined. The New York University graduate discovered his love for filmmaking through the lens of a camera. Trying to speak through still images, Eyre soon moved to live action and directing actors. While studying film at NYU, the student received the kind of offer that many filmmakers only dream of: an invitation to participate in the Sundance Institute's 1995 Filmmakers Lab. There he worked on the short "Tenacity, and the rest, as they say, is history. This year's opening night is the biggest thing on Eyre's mind. "Edge of America tells the story of Mr. William, an English teacher who takes a position with a high school on the Three Nations Reservation. Loosely based on a true story, the film follows the struggle to overcome diversity as the black instructor agrees to coach the girl's basketball team. "The thing that really drew my interest in this movie is that it's a Native American girls basketball team and an outsider comes in and they all come together in victory, says Eyre. "Love, friendship, struggle. The words don't necessarily translate what the movie does. The Cheyenne and Arapahoe filmmaker finds himself drawn to the stories of Native Americans. Because there are so many stories to tell about the culture, Eyre hopes to be the go-to guy for any film based on this theme. "Indian people I put on screen are Indian people I feel I know and I want other people to know them I hope this movie keeps people in our industry knowing that those alternative voices are out there. As Eyre scouted production locations, he determined that Utah, with its diversity of terrain, would set the stage for "Edge of America. Half the cast is composed of local actors, and all filming took place in state. And with opening night approaching, Eyre understands the importance of what Utah's famed festival has done for independent film. "In terms of being grateful, I would say the Sundance Institute has been one of my greatest allies and support. The Sundance Institute is unlike anything else we have in American film. There's nothing even second to what they have [done] for independent film in this country. Speaking passionately, Eyre believes that without the vision of the Sundance Film Festival and Institute, independent film would not have reached its height in the late 90s. As a result, independent film would not be where it is today if it were not for those efforts. With "Edge of America just now making its debut, Eyre is looking for his next great project. His interest lies in comedy with a native-themed Blazing Saddles in the works. But, right now it is time for "Edge to shine. "This movie I'm honored it's opening the Sundance Film Festival. It was shot in Utah and we drew on those resources I promise if you come see it you won't be disappointed. Copyright c. 2004 The Park Record, Park City, UT. --------- "RE: Upcoming Events" --------- Date: Mon, 19 Jan 2004 15:39:14 -0700 From: Gary Smith (gars@speakeasy.org) Subj: Upcoming Events =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+= EVENTS ARE FEATURED IN ODD NUMBERED ISSUES ONLY =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+= ------------------------------------------------------------------------- --//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//- Notice of Copyright Clearance by Contributors: The following have granted permission for their original articles to be reposted in order to help mend the Sacred Hoop: Gary Smith, Bill McAllister, Carter Camp, Frosty Deere, Janet Smith, Barbara Landis, Johnny Rustywire, Debbie Sanders, Phil Goldvarg --//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//- _ __ __ _ / | / /___ _/ /_(_) __ __ / |/ / __ \ __/ / | / / _ \ / /| / /_/ / /_/ /| |/ / __/ /_/ |_/\__,_/\__/_/ |___/\___/ ______ _ / ____/____ ___ __________(_)___ ____ _____ / / / ___/ __ \/ ___/ ___/ / __ \/ __ \/ ___/ / /___/ / / /_/ /__ /__ / / / / / /_/ /__ / \____/_/ \____/____/____/_/_/ /_/\__, /____/ Volume 12, Issue 004 /____/ January 24, 2004 Native Crossings (c) is a separately emailed suppliment to Wotanging Ikche (c) Native American News (c) dedicated to the memory of those in Indian Country who have begun their spirit journeys It may be subscribed to via email by sending a request from your own internet addressable account to gars@speakeasy.org <================<<<< >>>>================> This newsletter is produced in straight ASCII text for greatest portability across platforms. Read it with a fixed-pitch font, such as Courier, Monaco, FixedSys or CG Times. Proportional fonts will be difficult to read. <================<<<< >>>>================> IMPORTANT!! ----------- In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. section 107, all material appearing in this newsletter is distributed without profit to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving this information for educational purposes. <================<<<< >>>>================> --------- "RE: Martha Bessie 'Marty' Kasko-Stewart" --------- Date: Wed, 14 Jan 2004 08:33:56 -0700 From: Gary Smith Subj: NA News Item - - - - - - -- - - - - - - filename="MARTHA BESSIE KASKO-STEWART" http://juneauempire.com/stories/011404/obi_KaskoStewart.shtml Martha Bessie 'Marty' Kasko-Stewart January 14, 2004 Martha Bessie "Marty" Kasko-Stewart, 69, died Dec. 6, 2003, in Seattle. She was born Dec. 31, 1933, in Tenakee Springs to James (Kaat'aaw?d Elsie Joseph (Kaagaxwuhaa) Kasko. She was from the Killerwhale Fin House in Klukwan of the Dakl'aweid - Killerwhale Clan), and her Tlingit names were Kaljakxw and Aawast - She was Lukaax.adi yadi (a child of the Raven Sockeye clan) from Haines and a Kaagwaantaan dachxan (grandchild of the Bear clan from Klukwan). She was very active in Native issues and politics. She was an administrative assistant for the Klukwan Incorporation, an active member of Central Council Tlingit and Haida Tribes of Alaska; the Alaska Native Sisterhood Camp 8; American Legion Aux. Post 12 - Haines; past officer of the Ladies Auxiliaries to The Local Aeries No.172 of The Fraternal Order of Eagles; member of the Greenwood Senior Center; past Democratic Precinct Committee Officer and a volunteer docent at the Burke Museum. Her family said "she loved cooking and canning for her family. She loved people and was generous of her helping them in any way." They said she will "also be remembered for her hands - always busy with hobbies such as beadwork and basket weaving. She was an accomplished seamstress and created native regalia such as Button Robe Blankets with traditional clan designs." She was preceded in death by her brothers, Edwin Kasko, Otto Kasko and John Kasko; her sisters, Emma (Kasko) Didrickson and Lucy (Kasko) Jackson; her mother, Elsie J. Kasko; and her father, James Kasko. She is survived by her husband, Brian Stewart; children, Linda (John) Wynne of Lake Stevens, Wash., Sue Marie Cook of Bellevue, Wash., Rick (Cathy) Krontz of Eastman, Ga., Steve (life partner Dr. Dru Kindred) of Ketchikan, and Deb (Ken) White of Valdez; 10 grandchildren, 6 great- grandchildren and numerous nieces, nephews and cousins. She is also survived by Keet Naa Tlaa (Killerwhale Clan Mother), Margaret Abbott. Copyright c. 1997-2004 Juneau Empire/Morris Communications Corporation. --------- "RE: Matilda Katherine 'Tillie' French" --------- Date: Wed, 14 Jan 2004 08:33:56 -0700 From: Gary Smith Subj: NA News Item - - - - - - -- - - - - - - filename="MATILDA KATHERINE FRENCH" http://juneauempire.com/stories/011404/obi_French.shtml Matilda Katherine 'Tillie' French January 14, 2004 Matilda Katherine "Tillie" French, 88, died Dec. 8, 2003, in Seattle. She was born Feb. 25, 1915, in Douglas to Martin and Jennie Williams (S. kwaan) Holst. She was from the Killerwhale Fin House in Klukwan of the Dakl'aweid - Killerwhale Clan) and her Tlingit name was Kaanataas'. She was a noted mezzo-soprano who graduated from Juneau High School in 1931 at the age of 16. She attended the University of Washington for one year and completed her studies at Oregon State College, where she majored in public school music and languages. Later she studied at the Royal Conservatory of Music in Brussels, Belgium. At age 23 she was a highly regarded singer and "maturity of voice, " finishing studies done by people seven years her senior. Also a noted pianist, she was part of the Sacramento Symphony Orchestra, and she appeared across the United States and sang on radio over the "large broadcasting systems." A 1938 Empire review of her concert says, "Miss Holst's charming personality added greatly to the success of her concert last evening. She was complete without stage affectation and mannerisms and impressed her audience with her prose and dignity. None doubts that a brilliant career is in waiting for this talented young mezzo-soprano, who has a deserving start with six year of study and practice to her credit." She was accompanied on the piano by Carol Beery-Davis at this concert. Prior to this concert, she had studied in Milan, Italy. She was preceded in death by her husband, Loran Cloudsley French, 22 years ago; and her sister, Anne Holost (Zuboff) Petersen. She is survived by her children, Chloe French and Kimberly MacLoud; and grandchildren, Mikayla Simone Waugh, Loran Tayo Waugh, Mischa Kandinski, and Alison Jones. She is also survived by Keet Naa Tlaa (Killerwhale Clan Mother), Margaret Abbott. Copyright c. 1997-2004 Juneau Empire/Morris Communications Corporation. --------- "RE: Marge Workman" --------- Date: Thu, 15 Jan 2004 17:11:19 -0700 From: Gary Smith Subj: NA News Item - - - - - - -- - - - - - - filename="MARGE WORKMAN" http://www.sanjuanjournal.com/~97&cat=23&id=174508&more News: 'Weaver of our history' dies By Richard Walker Marge Workman, a Mitchell Bay and Swinomish elder who devoted her life to keeping alive the traditions of her people, died today in her Harrison Street home in Friday Harbor. She was 81. The family will meet Friday to determine arrangements. Survivors include her son, Rick Guard; grandchildren, Michael Guard, Charlotte Guard and Lizzie Guard, of San Juan Island; aunt, Caroline "Toots" Mills of Stuart Island; brother, E.W. "Bill" Chevalier of Friday Harbor; sister, Betty Nash, of Friday Harbor; and numerous nieces and nephews. In her lifetime, Workman was a fisher, reef netter, gill netter and purse seiner. She was also active in American Indian affairs. In 2003, when the Portals of Welcome Committee proposed installing two Coast Salish house posts overlooking Friday Harbor Marina, she endorsed the project and helped select the site. The house posts, titled "Interaction," would be the first public acknowledgement of San Juan's tribal heritage. Workman welcomed interest in a culture and way of life that she saw rapidly passing into history. Workman was born Marjorie Chevalier in 1922 and attended the historic Stuart Island School. She said her father was part of the Mitchell Bay band of San Juan Indians; the Mitchell Bay band is claimed by the Lummi Nation. Workman's childhood memories of the 1920s were vivid. In February 2003, she told Indian Country Today of Coast Salish canoes slicing through Haro Strait between Canada's Gulf Islands and America's San Juans; of her grandmother fishing for herring off nearby Waldron Island; of people building fish traps for salmon and sewing fishing nets out of bark fiber; and of collecting seaweed during summer low tides and drying them for market. "Everything was so plentiful around here - herring, clams, salmon," she told Indian Country Today. "That was our way of life." Workman mourned that the longhouses her family knew on San Juan Island's Mitchell Bay and Stuart Island's Reid Harbor were gone. "I've always felt that something should be preserved on this island," she said. "When I got older, people didn't have any sympathy for the Indians. They looked down upon us, believe me." She was happy, though, that indifference and prejudice had been replaced by interest in Native culture, history and community life. "People are calling me all the time - asking questions, writing books," she told the newspaper. Sharon Kinley, director of the Coast Salish Institute at Northwest Indian College, said Workman had been interviewed several times by historians from the college. Mayor Gary Boothman mourned Workman's death. "It's one of the sad parts of living in a town with such wonderful figures that are known by everybody. They are the embodiment of our community, so it's sad when they go." Boothman said Workman "stood for so much of what makes this town a wonderful place." He said Workman was part of "a great continuity" between the past and the present, and called her a "weaver of our history (who) knew how our pieces fit together ... She helped tie it all together." Dodie Gann, president of the San Juan Historical Society, said Workman was one of her first friends on the island. They spent a lot of time boating together. "We've lost a great lady," Gann said. "She was one of the grand ladies of the island." Copyright c. 2004 San Juan Journal. --------- "RE: Agnes PokerJim Paul" --------- Date: Sat, 17 Jan 2004 14:37:08 -0700 From: Gary Smith Subj: NA News Item - - - - - - -- - - - - - - filename="AGNES POKERJIM PAUL" Fluent Salish speaker dies at 93 January 15, 2004 ST. IGNATIUS -- The Flathead Reservation lost a cultural treasure this week with the death of 93-year-old Agnes PokerJim Paul. The following elder profile was written by Shannon Burke and published in the Feb. 2, 1989, issue of the Char-Koosta News. We reprint it here in Agnes' memory. Agnes PokerJim Paul was born in her parents' log house below Saddle Mountain near Arlee on March 13, 1910. Today, on the south side of Hwy. 93, there is a honey stand. Behind that stand across Finley Creek in the foothills is where Agnes grew up. "There was a big spring not too far from our house -- that is where we would get our water," she said. Agnes is the only living child of Louie and Catherine PokerJim. Agnes pats her heart when she says it will be hard for her to talk about her parents and her brothers Philip and Pete, and sisters Lucy and Mary Catherine. As she puffs on a cigarette, not really inhaling, her small face framed by her scarf, she says, "I can't tell a story. He likes to talk. . ." as she points to her husband, John Peter. "Maybe you should talk to him." Agnes's attitude reflects a traditional woman's perspective to assume a low profile and leave the limelight to the husband. Agnes, however, has much to offer in her own right. "We used to ride horses all the time," she said in reference to her brothers and sisters. "All of us had our bones broke," she continued. "We didn't like to tell anyone when we were hurt. We were afraid of a whipping from our dad if he found out." Agnes was involved in an accident that broke her collarbone when a saddle broke free from a horse, falling on her as she tried to calm the animal. The PokerJim children rode horseback all over in the mountains behind their house. "It was good country back in there. It looked like outside my house here," she recalled. Agnes and John live southeast of Ronan below Eagle Pass. "I'd like to see those places again..." About half-a-mile downstream, Finley Creek joins the Jocko River. "We caught a whitefish out of the Jocko River. Down there along the banks of the river we would also pick wild raspberries in the summer," she said. "My mama's mama lived with us. Her name was Mary, but I don't know her last name. My dad's mother was Caroline and his father was Baptiste PokerJim. Rosie PokerJim was my first cousin and her sisters and brothers are related to me too," she goes on. "My folks used to visit with Louie and Lucy Pellew. I used to play with Ted Pellew's sisters Mary Louise, Harriet, Dorothy, Aggie and Bonnie." Agnes lived at the Ursuline School for her first year of formal education. "It was alright," she said. "There was a whole bunch of girls there. I liked it." She also attended school at the Brown Building, or the Arlee community center as it's known now. There was no bus service in those days so Agnes walked to school as most children did. When Agnes was 15, her father passed away. "He had bad legs. He couldn't get around. He was sick and he died," she said. The school, Demer's Mercantile, a movie theater and a cafe owned by a Chinese man made up Arlee when Agnes was young. "We could go to the show for 25 cents," she remembers. "The movies couldn't talk like they do now. The words were written on the picture." She met her future husband at the Arlee Fourth of July Powwow. The celebration, held at the same place as it is today, offered much merriment for participants. "Everybody camped there on the grounds. For many days there was a big dance, and no stickgame," she said. "The old people would visit at camp and the kids would play. We would be at the river swimming or riding our horses." When Agnes was 19 years old, she married John Peter Paul. "I've been married 60 years," she said. "My husband is 80 and I'll be 79 on my birthday." Agnes and John lived with his mother, Clarice Paul, east of Ronan when they were first married. "His mother and I used to pick huckleberries back in the Missions," she recalled. "The berries were big back then; we'd ride horses or we'd walk from her house." After John was hired to work at Scarce's Service Station, which used to be across from Ronan's Entertainer Theater, they moved into town. The have seven children: Adele, Josephine, Katy, Carol, John, Phillip and Nancy. "I didn't have Pampers [disposable diapers] to use on my children. I had to wash all of our clothes on a washboard. "When the kids were small, I would dress and feed them and send them out to play. I didn't have to holler at my kids -- they would stay outside and play good together. "Now my grandchildren and great-grandchildren -- they fight and I have to holler at them. But I like children. I like my grandchildren. I still babysit for Phillip and Sarah's little girl..." "It's too hard to count all of her great-grandchildren," her husband interjects. "Everything changes everywhere," Agnes said. "When I go to Missoula, I see the fairgrounds where we used to camp and dig bitterroot. I don't like it, but my grandmother said everything would change, and it does." Copyright c. 2004 Char-Koosta News. --------- "RE: Nicholas Tanape" --------- Date: Sun, 18 Jan 2004 12:44:54 -0700 From: Gary Smith Subj: NA News Item - - - - - - -- - - - - - - filename="NICHOLAS TANAPE" http://www.adn.com/obituaries/ Nicholas Tanape, 61 Port Graham January 18, 2004 Port Graham resident Nicholas Tanape, 61, died Jan. 6, 2004, at home. A funeral was held Jan. 8 at St. Herman's Russian Orthodox Church in Port Graham. Mr. Tanape was born Sept. 17, 1942, in Port Graham. During the 1960s, he lived in Washington state. He also had lived in Kodiak and surrounding areas during the 1970s. Mr. Tanape moved to Nanwalek in the 1980s and to Port Graham in 2002. He was a fisherman for most of his life. He worked on the trans-Alaska oil pipeline and did some cannery work. He did seining, fishing for halibut and herring, setnetting and commercial seining in Sitka, Kodiak, Cordova and Juneau during the 1960s and '70s. He retired from commercial fishing during the early '80s. Mr. Tanape was a member of the Russian Orthodox Church. He enjoyed Native carvings and crafts and preparing his Native foods, smoked fish, kippered and dried fish. His family wrote: "Nick would make a special drink out of a local plant called devil's club and gave it to anyone who was ailing or sick. "Nick Tanape was kinda rough around the edges, but had a very caring heart. If he thought anyone was hungry, he was always giving what little he had. If his family or friends were sick or hurting, he would go out and cut down some devil's club and make tea for them. "He never called anyone by their names. He always called the guys 'Jimi Jack' or 'Jake', the women he would call 'squaws' or 'Jane,' and most kids or babies, he called 'ruggies' or just 'kid.' " Mr. Tanape enjoyed fishing -- commercial, rod and reel, jigging and setnetting -- hunting, and was a fan of the Seattle Seahawks, Seattle Mariners and Seattle Sonics. He was preceded in death by his father, Nick Tanape; mother, Olga Tanape; sisters, Nadine Mattson, Judy Tanape and Agnes Tanape; and brother, Joe Tanape. Survivors are his aunt, Annie Fomin and uncle Simion Kvasnikoff, both of Port Graham; nephews, Mike Tanape, Nick Tanape, Herman Tanape and Loyd Tanape, all of Nanwalek, Walter Poy of Seattle and Ralph Johnson of Soldotna; nieces, Mary Youngblood, Sandra Blake, Sonya Scanlon and Sharon West, all of Washington state, and Carol Mattson of Port Graham; and cousins, Jim Otis and Olga Fomin. Copyright c. 2004 Anchorage Daily News. --------- "RE: Rose Cree" --------- Date: Sun, 18 Jan 2004 12:44:54 -0700 From: Gary Smith Subj: NA News Item - - - - - - -- - - - - - - filename="ROSE CREE" http://news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/ap/20040118/ap_on_re_us/deaths_56 Rose Cree January 17, 2004 DUNSEITH, N.D. (AP) - American Indian artist Rose Cree, recognized as one of the most talented modern weavers of traditional red willow baskets, has died. She was 82. Cree died Tuesday, family members said. Rose Cree's work is displayed in the Smithsonian Institution (news - web sites) and in museums across the United States, Canada and other countries. Cree and her husband, Francis, taught Ojibwe culture to students, collaborated on weaving projects and offered spiritual guidance to many. The couple was honored with a Governor's Award for the Arts and with the National Heritage Fellowship, the country's highest honor in the folk and traditional arts. "She taught a whole generation ... daughters, granddaughters," said Mark Halvorson, curator of collections for the State Historical Society of North Dakota. "She is one of the most instrumental people in keeping that tradition alive." Copyright c. 2004 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. Copyright c. 2004 Yahoo! Inc. All rights reserved. --------- "RE: Herbert Smelcer" --------- Date: Tue, 20 Jan 2004 08:11:56 -0700 From: Gary Smith Subj: NA News Item - - - - - - -- - - - - - - filename="HERBERT SMELCER" http://www.adn.com/obituaries/ Herbert Smelcer, 59 Tazlina Tazlina resident Herbert Roy Smelcer, 59, died Jan. 12, 2004, in Seattle of leukemia. A visitation will be from 4 to 6 p.m. Thursday at the Alaska Native Heritage Center in Anchorage, followed by a memorial service at 6 p.m. A second visitation will be at 7 p.m. Friday at Kluti-Kaah Community Hall, Copper Center. A funeral will be at 2 p.m. Saturday in Copper Center followed by a traditional potlatch. Mr. Smelcer was born May 15, 1944, in Palmer to Charles and Mary Smelcer. After completing high school, he first joined the Army National Guard and then the Army, serving a tour in Germany. He was a committed activist and supporter of Alaska Native rights. He was among the many dedicated Native leaders who fought for the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act. He signed the 8a Congressional Amendment with President Ford. In 1997, he received an associate's degree in business from Prince William Sound Community College. Over the course of 25 years, he served as president of Ahtna Native Corp., as land manager for Ahtna's 1.2 million acres, as president of one of its subsidiaries, and as interim superintendent for the Bureau of Indian Affairs Interior Office. He was well-known across the state for his kindness, generosity, and fun-loving nature. His family wrote: "A role model for other Native leaders, Herb always placed the needs of his people before his own. He was an adventurer whose passions were fishing, hunting, operating his family fish wheel on the Copper River, and recreating at his cabin on Klutina Lake where many of his happiest memories were made. "Herbert was kind, loving, generous and forgiving, a model of what a man should be. The time he spent with his family will always be treasured. His sons will especially cherish the adventures they had together and the lessons they learned along the way." Mr. Smelcer is survived by his children and their spouses, Matthew and Brandy Smelcer, and Vincent Smelcer, all of Anchorage; brothers and sisters, Joyce Huennekens, Charles and Carol Smelcer, Clarence and Martha Smelcer, and Karen Johns and John Craig; many nephews, nieces and cousins; and his dog, Timber. His mother, Mary Smelcer Wood, preceded him in death. Arrangements were with Evergreen Memorial Chapel. Copyright c. 2004 The Anchorage Daily News. --------- "RE: Crossings" --------- Date: Mon, 19 Jan 2004 08:10:52 -0600 From: Gary Smith Subj: NA News Item - - - - - - -- - - - - - - filename="CROSSINGS" January 13, 2004 Leon Locklear LUMBERTON - Leon "Johnny" Locklear, 53, of 976 Beam Road, died Saturday, Jan. 10, 2004, in Cape Fear Valley Medical Center in Fayetteville. The funeral will be conducted at 2 p.m. Wednesday in Burnt Swamp Baptist Church by the Revs. Keith Long and Tony Miller. Burial will be in the church cemetery. Mr. Locklear is survived by six sons, John J. Locklear, Brian Locklear, Brett Locklear and Patrick Locklear, all of Lumberton, and Leonard Locklear and Leon Locklear Jr., both of Du Quoin, Ill.; two daughters, Tabitha J. Locklear and Tiara C. Locklear, both of Lumberton; his mother, Bertha Mae Locklear of the home; four sisters, Annie L. Locklear of the home, Bertha L. Locklear of Pembroke and Linda Wilkins and Betty Oxendine, both of Lumberton; and five grandchildren. The family will receive friends tonight from 7 to 9 at Locklear & Son Funeral Home in Pembroke. January 14, 2004 Whyoner Bullard MAXTON - Ms. Whyoner J. Bullard, 73, of 4583 Mount Zion Church Road, died Sunday, Jan. 11, 2004, in Southeastern Regional Medical Center in Lumberton. The funeral will be conducted at 3 p.m. Thursday in Cherokee Chapel Holiness Methodist Church in Red Springs by the Revs. Jimmy Locklear and James Woods. Burial will be in the Bullard family cemetery. Ms. Bullard is survived by six sons, Harold D. Bullard and Dewayne Bullard, both of Florida, Danford Bullard, Randell Bullard and James Bullard, all of the home, and Ronald B. Bullard of Maxton; two daughters, Sherlene Locklear of Maxton and Brenda Lowery of Red Springs; four brothers, Sanford Jacobs, Marvin Jacobs and Truman Jacobs, all of Pembroke, and Ben Frank Jacobs of Detroit; three sisters, Othelia Hammonds and Brenda Sampson, both of Lumberton, and Mary Locklear of Red Springs; 25 grandchildren; and 18 great-grandchildren. The family will receive friends tonight from 7 to 9 at Heritage Funeral Home in Red Springs and at other times at the home of Brenda Lowery, 2849 Mount Zion Church Road, Red Springs. January 16, 2004 Grover Oxendine PEMBROKE - Grover Oxendine, 87, of 7674 N.C. 711, died Wednesday, Jan. 14, 2004, in Southeastern Regional Medical Center in Lumberton. The funeral will be conducted at 2 p.m. Saturday in Tabernacle Baptist Church in Lumberton by the Revs. Michael Cummings and David Lowry Jr. Burial will be in Oxendine Cemetery. Mr. Oxendine is survived by two sons, Bobby R. Oxendine and Henry W. Oxendine, both of Pembroke; two daughters, Sylvia J. Graham of Greensboro and Brenda F. Sanderson of Pembroke; a brother, Hartley J. Oxendine of Pembroke; 10 grandchildren; and five great-grandchildren. The family will receive friends tonight from 7 to 9 at Locklear & Son Funeral Home in Pembroke. January 18, 2004 James Lowery SHANNON - James Lowery, 49, of 67 Calvin Road, died Thursday, Jan. 15, 2004, in Southeastern Regional Medical Center in Lumberton. The funeral wil be conducted at 2 p.m. Monday in New Beginning Baptist Church in Raeford by the Revs. Terry Locklear and Wyvast Lowery. Burial will be in Bear Swamp Baptist Church cemetery in Pembroke. Mr. Lowery is survived by his wife, Rita F. Lowery of the home; five sons, Bryan Lowery of South Carolina, Joseph Lowery of Lake Waccamaw and Keith Lowery, Gabriel Lowery and Vincent Lowery, all of the home; three daughters, Melissa Lowery, Myra Lowery and Joy Lowery, all of Shannon; his mother, Margie Locklear of Pembroke; two brothers, Rudolph Locklear and Jerry Locklear, both of Pembroke; three sisters, Kathy Demery, Barbara Locklear and Childress Locklear, all of Pembroke; and six grandchildren. The family will receive friends tonight from 7 to 9 at Revels Funeral Home in Pembroke. Copyright c. 2004 The Fayetteville (N.C.) Observer. -=-=-=- January 13, 2004 Pauline Bradley Parker Cherokee - On the same day, five years later, within 15 minutes apart, Pauline Bradley Parker, 79, was called home on Friday, Jan. 9, 2004, to be with her husband, Robert James Parker, for a glorious reunion. She was of 77 Grassy Branch Road in the Yellowhill community of Cherokee and a member of Towstring Baptist Church. She was the daughter of the late Arie J. and Florence Lambert Bradley. She established herself in the food service business and enjoyed fishing, sewing and spending time with her family. In addition to her parents, she was preceded in death by a daughter, Annie Lou Parker, and son, James Robert Parker. She is survived by three daughters, Loretta George and husband, Steve, and Binnie Parker, both of Cherokee, and Christi Brockington and husband, Mike, of Columbia, S.C.; six sons, Dwight Parker and wife, Tammy, Brian Parker and wife, Heather, Jason Parker and wife, Cherise, Steve Parker and wife, Lydia, all of Cherokee, Gene Parker and wife, Jeannie, of Whittier and D.L. Parker and wife, Joyce, of Rogersville, Tenn.; sisters, Elsie Huskey, Ethel Adams, Stella Webb, Delores Bradley, Glenda Welch and Brenda Smith; brother, Kenneth Bradley; 23 grandchildren and 26 great-grandchildren. The funeral services were held at 2 p.m. Monday at Towstring Baptist Church. The pastor, Doug Mathews, the Rev. Dan Lambert and the Rev. Ray Lambert officiated. Burial will be in Towstring Cemetery. Pallbearers will be her grandsons. The body was placed in the church at 4 p.m. Sunday and remained there until the hour of service. Crisp Funeral Home, Bryson City, is in charge of the arrangements. January 14, 2004 Bessie Owle Long Cherokee - Bessie Owle Long, 73, of Cherokee, went home to be with the Lord on Tuesday, Jan. 13, 2004. She was a lifelong resident of the Birdtown community in Swain County. A devout housewife after working for the Cherokee Central School System for a number of years, she was dedicated to her family. She was the daughter of the late Rev. Dee and Evie Owle. She was married for 53 years to the late Johnny Long. She is survived by three sons, John D. Long, Jamie Long and Ray Long; daughter, Alyne Stamper and husband, Dave; daughter-in-law and caregiver, Susie Long; godson, Squinch Long; nine grandchildren and 15 great- grandchildren. She is also survived by three brothers, Paul Owle of Cherokee, Mack Owle of Linwood and Mike Owle of Earl and three sisters, Frances Arneach, Esther Waldroup and Liz Crowe, all of Cherokee. The body will be placed in Bethabara Baptist Church, of which she was a member, at 5 p.m. Wednesday and will await the service hour at 4 p.m. Thursday. Burial will be in Birdtown Cemetery. Pallbearers will be Ben and Dwayne Stamper, Albert and Tunney Crowe, Bill and Brian Waldroup, Curtis Arneach, Bob and Pete Long, Cos Hicks, Eddie DeHart and Eddie Paul. Crisp Funeral Home, Bryson City, is in charge of the arrangements. Copyright c. 2004 Asheville Citizen-Times. -=-=-=- Welcome to the Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe/Dakota Nation Sota Iya Ye Yapi On-Line, News from the Lake Traverse Reservation Volume 35, Issue 3 Wednesday, January 21, 2004 Funeral services held for Lyle Crawford Funeral services were held for Lyle Harold Crawford, 59, of Peever, South Dakota, were held last Wednesday, January 14, 2004 at the Tribal Community Center, Agency Village, with the Rev. Ronald Campbell, Pastor Philmore Simon, Pastor Jerome Renville, Rev. Ron McKinney, Rev. Danielle McKinney, and Elder Courage Crawford officiating. Active pallbearers were Luke Renville, Darwin Bernard, Delmer Bernard, Lyndon Haug, Alan Shepherd, Kirk Crow, James Crawford III, Samuel Crawford, Jr., Kevin Farmer, James Yammerino, Freedom Crawford, and Samuel Farmer, Sr. Honorary pallbearers were Les Barse, Gideon Shepherd, Francis Crawford, Donald LaPointe, Milton Owen, Charlie Shepherd, Harold Bernard, Lester Crawford, Kenny Bursheim, Sr., Tuffy Mackey, Harvey Renville Sr., Gerald Heminger, Jr., Norbert Bellonger, Wilson "Taha" Kitto, Donnie Bird, and Rev. Leland Brown. Pianist was Billy Kohl. Special Music was provided by family and friends. Interment is at the Goodwill Presbyterian Cemetery, Agency Village. Wake services were held Monday and Tuesday, with an all-night service Tuesday at the Tribal Community Center. The Cahill Funeral Chapel of Sisseton was in charge of arrangements. Lyle was born on July 13, 1944 in Sisseton, South Dakota to Edward J. and Jeanette (Kitto) Crawford Sr.. He grew up on a small farm, in a twelve-room house, and was taught strong work ethics, in a strong Christian home. Lyle attended school at Old Agency and Peever schools, graduating from Peever High School. In the early 1960s Lyle lived in Denver, Colorado. He then attended welding school in Cleveland, Ohio in 1966. Lyle moved to Minneapolis, Minnesota where he worked for General Mills Inc.. Lyle returned to Ortonville, Minnesota where he worked as a welder. Lyle moved to Sisseton and worked for the Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe Tribal Police Department, and worked for various programs in the Sisseton- Wahpeton Sioux Tribe. Lyle was very involved in the Tribal Elderly Nutrition Program. Lyle was united in marriage to Sophronia Shepherd on October 31, 1990 in Peever, South Dakota. Growing up in a family with 10 brothers, he was very active in sports. He was a Denver Broncos football fan. He enjoyed fishing, gardening, football, baseball, raising chickens, and hunting. He enjoyed spending time with his grandchildren. He was a strong advocate of good family ties. He was a common person with a great heart and provided support to people in time of great need. Lyle was a member of Goodwill Presbyterian Church and belonged to the Eagle's Wing Baptist Church. He served on the executive committee of the Old Agency District. Lyle passed away suddenly on January 11, 2004 at the Public Health Hospital in Sisseton. Lyle is survived by his wife, Sophronia of Peever; four children - Dana Crawford of Minneapolis, Minn., Tammy Redday of Sioux Falls, Fredrick Crawford of Kansas City, Kansas, Kathryn LaFaun Crawford of Newtown, North Dakota; four brothers - Lyman Crawford, Edwane Crawford, Edwin "Nicky" (Glenda) Crawford, and Harlan "Terry" (Joyce) Crawford, all of Agency Village; four sisters - Iva Crawford of Minneapolis, Minn., Elizabeth Crawford of Minneapolis, Minn., Bernita LaBelle of Aberdeen, Kay L. (Kenneth) Bursheim of Agency Village, and Jenny Crawford of Agency Village; little brother, Tribal Chairman J.C. Crawford of Agency Village; two-stepchildren - Damion Flute of Peever, and Daniel (Sharon) Greeley of New Effington; mother-in-law, Vivian Flute of Peever; adopted sisters - Della Bernard of Sisseton, Mrs. Harvey (Mona) Renville Agency Village, Nita Kirk of Sisseton, Mrs. Milton (Bobby) Owen of Sisseton, Fern Backer of Peever, Mrs. Donald (Diane) LaPointe; adopted brothers - the Rev. Ronald Campbell of Sisseton, Rev. Leslie Campbell of Mobridge, Roger Campbell of Waubay, and Les Barse, Sr. of Peever. Lyle was preceded in death by his parents, one daughter Cindy, seven brothers - James, Edward Jr., Herbert; Samuel, Joseph, and two infant brothers; one sister, Abbie; and adopted brother, Dan Campbell. Funeral services held for Larry Wanna Lawrence R. Wanna, 52, of Fargo, North Dakota died Sunday, January 11, 2004 in Fargo. The funeral service was held on Friday, January 16, at the Vertin-Munson Funeral Home East Chapel, at Wahpeton, N.D. Burial is at Fairview Memorial Gardens, Wahpeton, N.D. Arrangements were made by the Vertin-Munson Funeral Home. Lawrence Raymond Wanna was born on December 9, 1951 in Kansas City, MO to Benedict G. and Jennie (Canby) Wanna. In 1956 his parents moved to Breckenridge, MN, where he attended elementary school, graduating from Breckenridge High School in May, 1970. Larry was captain of the Breckenridge High School cross country team and wrestling team his Senior year. The 1970 cross-country team participated in the Minnesota State Cross Country Championships held at the University of Minnesota, and he placed 24th out of approximately 600 runners. This was the last year that all Minnesota high school cross country teams competed as one division. After high school he attended Haskell Indian Junior College in Lawrence, Kansas, Fergus Falls Community College and graduated with a Bachelors of Arts degree in Business from Moorhead State University in 1978. In 1981, he graduated with a Masters Degree in Education Administration from the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD. He married Paula Pratt in September of 1974 in Fargo, ND. Larry worked as the Housing Director for the Nebraska and South Dakota Tribal leadership. Larry enjoyed the outdoor life of hunting, fishing and trapping; and his leisure hobby was beadwork. He is survived by a daughter, Stephanie Wanna and a granddaughter, Mishaila, both of Eden Prairie, MN; a brother, Ron (Sue) Wanna, Lawrence, Kansas; sisters - Coretta (Arnold) Jefferson, Lawrence, Kansas, and Loretta Fragua, New Mexico; nieces - April Jefferson, Ferrell Wanna, Shannon Wanna and Natalie Wanna; and nephews - J.B. Fragua, Travis Wanna, Chris Jefferson, Israel Jefferson and Dalton Wanna. Copyright c. 1999-2003 by C. D. Floro/Earth and Sky Enterprises. -=-=-=- January 13, 2004 Davenna L. Means-Tallman ALLEN - Davenna L. Means-Tallman, 1 month, Allen, died Thursday, Jan. 8, 2004, in Allen. Survivors include her parents, David Tallman and Heather Means, both of Allen; one brother, Daveryl Means-Tallman, Allen; two sisters, Jade Lays Hard and Alyssa Lays Hard, both of Kyle; her paternal grandmother, Jeanette Tallman, Allen; and her maternal grandfather, Maverick Means, Allen. A one-night wake will begin at 1 p.m. today at Allen CAP Office. Services will be at 1 p.m. Wednesday, Jan. 14, at Allen CAP Office, with the Rev. Rhoda Mesteth and the Rev. Ben Tyon officiating. Burial will be at Inestimable Gift Episcopal Cemetery in Allen. Sioux Funeral Home of Pine Ridge is in charge of arrangements. January 14, 2004 Blanche Leader Charge WHITE RIVER - Blanche Leader Charge, 70, White River, died Tuesday, Dec. 16, 2003, in Rosebud. Survivors include her husband, Garfield Leader Charge, Rosebud; seven children, Myrna Leader Charge Trimble and Keith Leader Charge, both of Mission, Pearl Leader Charge, Rosebud, Joyce Leader Charge, Lester Leader Charge and Calvin Leader Charge, all of White River, and Donna Leader Charge, Rapid City; three sisters, Virginia Barrera, Bertha Black Elk and Cordelia Hopkins, all of White River; and 22 grandchildren. Services were Friday, Dec. 19, at Horse Creek Community Building. Burial was at St. James Episcopal Cemetery south of White River. Holmes Funeral Home of Valentine, Neb., was in charge of arrangements. Henry R. Grooms PORCUPINE - Henry R. Grooms, 75, Porcupine, died Tuesday, Dec. 30, 2003, at Gordon, Neb., Memorial Hospital. Survivors include his wife, Alice Grooms, Gordon; one son, William Grooms, Ogallala, Neb.; two daughters, Theresa Hinn, Lakeside, Neb., and Cathy Grooms, Boulder, Colo.; two brothers, Victor Grooms, Canon City, Colo., and Pat Grooms, Denby; two sisters, Gertrude Grooms, Caputa, and Martha Woodhouse, Gordon; and seven grandchildren. In accordance with his wishes, cremation has taken place and no services were held. His ashes will be scattered over the ranch at a later date. Cicmanec-Chamberlain-Pier Funeral Home of Gordon was in charge of arrangements. Jacob "Jake" Little Thunder WANBLEE - Jacob "Jake" Little Thunder, 91, Wanblee, died Monday, Jan. 12, 2004, at Rapid City Regional Hospital. Survivors include two sons, Blaine Little Thunder, Wanblee, and Dewey Little Thunder, Martin; one stepson, Maynard Hawk Wing, Mission; and one brother, Stephen Little Thunder, Wanblee. A two-night wake will begin at 1 p.m. Saturday, Jan. 17, at Crazy Horse School in Wanblee. Services will be at 2 p.m. Monday, Jan. 19, at the school, with the Rev. Daniel Makes Good officiating. Burial will be at Gethsemane Episcopal Cemetery in Wanblee. Sioux Funeral Home of Pine Ridge is in charge of arrangements. Pedro L. Red Cloud PINE RIDGE - Pedro L. Red Cloud, 62, Pine Ridge, died Saturday, Jan. 10, 2004, in Pine Ridge. Survivors include two sons, Manuel Red Cloud, Pine Ridge, and Pedro Red Cloud Jr., Vale, and two daughters, Lynette Rios, Gehring, Neb., and Angelina Red Cloud, Pine Ridge. A two-night wake will begin at 2 p.m. today at Wakpamni CAP Office in Pine Ridge. Services will be at 10 a.m. Friday, Jan. 16, at Wakpamni CAP Office, with Mr. Charles McGaa officiating. Burial will be at Holy Rosary Mission Catholic Cemetery in Pine Ridge. Sioux Funeral Home of Pine Ridge is in charge of arrangements. January 15, 2004 Dora A. Brave OGLALA - Dora A. Brave, 58, Oglala, died Tuesday, Jan. 13, 2004, at Rapid City Regional Hospital. Survivors include two sons, Alan Watson and Creason Watson, both of Denver; three daughters, Sarah Watson, Red Shirt, and Alexandra Watson and Pamelyn Watson, both of Denver; three sisters, Georgianna Brave, Regina Brave and Verna Brave, all of Oglala; and two grandchildren. A two-night wake will begin at 1 p.m. today at Brother Rene Catholic Church Hall in Oglala. Services will be at 10 a.m. Saturday, Jan. 17, at the church hall. Burial will be at Our Lady of Good Counsel Cemetery in Oglala. Sioux Funeral Home of Pine Ridge is in charge of arrangements. Harvey Blair Jennesse Sr. SIOUX FALLS - Harvey Blair Jennesse Sr., 53, Sioux Falls and formerly of Fort Thompson, died Monday, Jan. 12, 2004, at Sioux Valley Hospital in Sioux Falls. Survivors include two sons, Harvey Jennesse Jr., Taylorsville, Utah, and Edward Jennesse, Sioux Falls; three daughters, Priscilla Jennesse, Sioux Falls, Almira Robinson, Tuba City, Ariz., and Janice Jennesse, Rapid City; two sisters, Harriett Shepard, Sisseton, and Viola Jennesse, Sioux Falls; and 15 grandchildren. His wife, Bonnie Jennesse, preceded him in death. A wake will begin at 8 p.m. today at the Community Center in Fort Thompson. Services will be at 10 a.m. CST Friday, Jan. 16, at the Community Center. Burial will be at Christ Episcopal Cemetery in Fort Thompson. Wevik Funeral Home of Chamberlain is in charge of arrangements. Winston D. Mesteth PINE RIDGE - Winston D. Mesteth, 38, Pine Ridge, died Thursday, Jan. 8, 2004, at Pine Ridge Hospital. Survivors include his wife, Rachel Mesteth, Manderson; his parents, John and Cecelia Mesteth, Manderson; one son, Winston Mesteth Jr., Manderson; one daughter, Sandra R. Mesteth, Manderson; two stepdaughters, Heather Iron Cloud and Jacinta Lipp, both of Manderson; four adopted brothers, Michael DeMartino, Filmore, Calif., Moses Bull Bear and A.V. Fire Thunder, both of Manderson, and Bluch Fire Thunder, Grass Creek; and two sisters, Carol Mesteth and Christine Bores a Hole, Manderson. A two-night wake began at 3 p.m. Wednesday, Jan. 14, at Wounded Knee District School in Manderson. Services will be at 10 a.m. Friday, Jan. 16, at the school, with the Rev. Bill Pauly officiating, and traditional Lakota services by Mr. Orville Looking Horse, Mr. Pete Catches Jr. and Mr. Rocky Afraid of Hawk. Burial will be at Mesteth Family Plot, White Horse Creek, Manderson. Sioux Funeral Home of Pine Ridge is in charge of arrangements. Francis Shangreaux Francis Shangreaux PINE RIDGE - Francis Shangreaux, age 84, died January 13, 2004, in Pine Ridge, SD. Francis was born on September 9, 1919, at Pine Ridge, SD, to Nora Allman and Antoine Shangreaux. Francis was the third child born. He had two older sisters, Marjorie and Jesse, and one younger sister, Myrtle. He was in the US ARMY Air Force during WWII. Entered service March 20, 1942 at Ft. Leavenworth, KS. He earned the rank of Technician Fifth Grade while serving with 879th Signal Company Depot, Aviator in England. While in the service he was awarded the European - African - Middle Eastern Theatre Service Medal and Five (5) Overseas Service Bars. Francis ended his tour of service on the 29th day of September 1945 with an honorable discharge. While Francis was in Europe he met and married Iris Alma Drinkall. To this union were born five children: Dolores, Christine, Richard, Lily and Valerie. Once his military service was completed Francis returned to the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation and began his career with the U.S. Government Civil Service. He retired in 1980 after 27 years of service. Francis was preceded in death by his mother, father, and three sisters. He is survived by one son, Richard Shangreaux, Pine Ridge, SD; four daughters, Dolores Shangreaux, Pine Ridge, SD, Christine Shangreaux, Rosebud, SD, Lily E. Shangreaux-Bigbee, Stillwater, OK, and Valerie Shangreaux-Sanchez, Stillwater, OK; his wife Iris; 21 grandchildren; and 28 great-grandchildren. Francis is also survived by his very special friend and companion of 16 years, Mary Merrival. A one-night wake service will begin at 3 p.m. Thursday, January 15, 2004, at Sacred Heart Catholic Church in Pine Ridge, SD. Funeral services will be at 9 a.m. Friday, January 16, 2004, at Sacred Heart Catholic Church in Pine Ridge, SD. Interment will be at 2:30 p.m. at Black Hills National Cemetery, Sturgis, SD. Sioux Funeral Home of Pine Ridge is in charge of the arrangements. January 16, 2004 Sharon R. Red Shirt-Toms HAGERSTOWN, Md. - Sharon R. Red Shirt-Toms, 30, Hagerstown, died Friday, Jan. 9, 2004, in Hagerstown. Survivors include her husband, Nathaniel Toms, Hagerstown; one daughter, Nichole Toms, Hagerstown; her father, Johnathan Red Shirt, Pine Ridge, S.D. ; and three brothers, Raymond Red Shirt, Rapid City, and Wallace Thunder Bull and Dion Thunder Bull, both of Kyle, S.D. A one-night wake will begin at 4:30 p.m. today at Porcupine CAP Office in Porcupine, S.D. Services will be at 10 a.m. Saturday, Jan. 17, at Porcupine CAP Office, with the Rev. Cecil Weston officiating. Burial will be at St. Alban's Episcopal Cemetery in Porcupine. Sioux Funeral Home of Pine Ridge is in charge of arrangements. January 19, 2004 Teresa Feather Earring WAKPAMNI LAKE - Teresa Feather Earring, 71, Wakpamni Lake, died Sunday, Jan. 18, 2004, at her home. Arrangements are pending with Sioux Funeral Home in Pine Ridge. Copyright c. 2004 the Rapid City Journal. -=-=-=- January 15, 2004 Dallas Glen Weddle Dallas Glen Weddle, former resident of Ponca City, died Sunday, Jan. 4, 2004. He was 82. The funeral will be held at 11 a.m. Monday, Feb. 2, 2004, at the Fort Myer post chapel in Arlington, Va. Burial with full military honors will follow in Arlington National Cemetery. Arrangements are under the direction of Everly Community Funeral Care of Falls Church, Va. Dallas Glen Weddle was born June 16. 1921, in Vinita, the son of Owen Morris and Hazel Inman Weddle. He was a member of the Masonic Lodge in Ponca City, was a 32nd degree Mason and a member of the Cherokee tribe of Oklahoma. He retired from the U.S. Air Force as a lieutenant colonel. He resided in Falls Church, Va. Survivors include a daughter, Glenda Rae Weddle of Alexandria, Va. He was preceded in death by his wife, Geraldine Mize Weddle, and his parents. In lieu of flowers, memorial contributions may be made to the American Lung Association for Research, 9735 Main Street, Fairfax, Va. 22031-3798 or the AF/OSI Scholarship Fund in memory of Dallas Glen Weddle, PO Box 523135, Springfield, Va. 22152. Copyright c. 1998-2004 The Ponca City News. -=-=-=- January 15, 2004 Roberta Jean Carterman Roberta Jean Carterman of Miami died Tuesday, Jan. 13, 2004, at the scene of an automobile accident one-half mile south of Quapaw. She was 48. Carterman was born May 23, 1955, in Yakima, Wash., to Robert Edward and Patsy Belle (Winton) Nidiffer. She lived in Miami since 1967. She graduated from Miami High School with the class of 1973. She was an accounting assistant for the Modoc Tribe of Oklahoma and was previously a clinical services secretary for Integris Baptist Regional Health Center of Miami. She was a member of Cardin Christian Church. She married Kenneth Ray Carterman on Feb. 7, 1987, in Miami. He survives, of the home. Additional survivors include one son and his wife, Jeremy and Shanny Housman of Vinita; two stepdaughters, Tami Brown of Danvers, Ill., and Lori Hopp of Lincoln, Ill.; her mother of Commerce; one sister and her husband, Judy and Don Hildebrand of Norman, one grandchild and eight stepgrandchildren. She was preceded in death by her father. Services will be 2 p.m. Friday at the Paul Thomas Funeral Home of Miami with the Rev. Bill Richey officiating. Burial will be in Welch Cemetery. Pallbearers will be Don Hildebrand, Jack Payne, Robert Longman, Larry Eutsler, George Zartman and Bruce McDermott. The family will receive friends from 7 to 8:30 p.m. today at the funeral home. Copyright c. 2004 The Miami News-Record. -=-=-=- January 17, 2004 Patrick E. Newsom PALESTINE, Texas - Funeral for former Lawton resident Patrick E. Newsom, 63, Palestine, Texas, will be at 1 p.m. today at Comanche Nation Funeral Home Chapel with the Rev. Walter Queotone officiating. Mr. Newsom died Wednesday, Jan. 14, 2004, in Palestine, Texas. Burial will be at Mt. Scott KCA Cemetery. He was born March 17, 1940, in Lawton, to Horace and Alice Bear Newsom. He attended school in Lawton, and was a member of the Kiowa Tribe. Survivors include a daughter, Tracey Aguirre, Van Buren Ark.; a brother, William Riley Newsom, Lawton: five sisters: Joyce McDaniel, Galena Powell and Mary Gilley, all of Lawton; Donna Napier, Willow Park, Texas; and Roberta McClung, Dallas; three grandchildren; and many nieces and nephews. He was preceded in death by his parents; a sister, Amy Hall; and two brothers: Garland and Horace Newsom Jr. Copyright c. 2004 The Lawton Constitution. -=-=-=- January 10, 2004 Pauline Butler Funeral services for Seminole native, Pauline (Fixico) Butler of Okmulgee are scheduled for 2 p.m. Friday, Jan 16, at Hillabee Baptist Church in Hanna, officiated by Revs. Malcom Tiger and James Coker. Interment will be at the Butler family cemetery under the direction of Shurden Funeral Home of Henryetta. She will be taken to Hillabee Baptist Church on Thursday afternoon. Butler died Tuesday, Jan. 13, 2004, at the age of 83. She was born Dec. 22, 1920, in Seminole County to Lana (Spencer) and Jonas Fixico. She married Wiley Butler in 1952 in McIntosh County. She lived most of her life in Hanna before moving to Okmulgee two years ago. Butler worked as a nurses aid and a sewing machine operator for POK in Pharoah. She liked playing bingo, cooking, sewing, and listening to church songs. Butler had many friends, no matter who a person was, they were always welcomed in her home. She always prepared meals and no one ever left her home without eating. She was a very special woman and loved by everyone she knew. She was preceded in death by her husband, Wiley Butler; two daughters, Jessie Butler and Lucy Butler; her parents, Jonas and Lana Fixico; two sisters, Susie Mitchell and Nelessy Harjo; and one brother, Thelmond Fixico. Butler is survived by six children, Elizabeth Butler and Wiley Butler Jr., both of Okmulgee, Judy Proctor of Hanna, Frankie Alexander of Seminole, Penny Murray and Bessie Alexander, all of Shawnee; 18 grandchildren; 18 great grandchildren; 3 greatgreat grandchildren; one brother, John Fixico of Sapulpa; as well as a host of nieces, nephews, friends and other relatives. The Seminole Producer/Copyright c. 1999-2004 Arizona Newspapers Assn. -=-=-=- January 13, 2004 Jerry L. Holmes HOLMES - Jerry L. Holmes, age 65, beloved husband, father, grandfather, son, and brother was called home by our heavenly Father, Friday, January 9, 2004. Jerry was born in Alabama and was a resident of Sandia Pueblo, NM. He was a proud Veteran of the United States Army. Jerry is survived by his loving wife of 43 years, Jennie M. Holmes of Sandia Pueblo; one son, Paul Holmes and wife Irene of Sandia Pueblo; his precious grandchildren, Paul and Jennie Holmes; his special Goddaughter, Donna Fragua; his Mother, Virginia Smith of Alabama; his brothers, Lavon Holmes and wife Sue, Larry Holmes and wife Donna, James Holmes, Rodger Holmes and his wife, all of Alabama; numerous nieces, nephews, other relatives and friends. Jerry will be greatly missed by his loving family and by those who knew and loved him. Visitations will be held Tuesday from 6:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. in the Chapel of Alameda Mortuary; where a rosary will be recited this evening at 7:00 p.m. Funeral Services will be conducted Wednesday at 9:00 a.m. at Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Catholic Church. Interment will follow at Santa Fe National Cemetery at 11:00 a.m. Casket bearers will be Sophie R. Armijo, Christopher Chavez, Jacob Tsethlikai, Joseph G. Chavez, Gilbert Chavez and JoAnn Tsethlikai. Honorary bearers will be Bill Ward and Larry Holmes. Funeral services are entrusted to: Alameda Mortuary 9420 4th Street NW 898-3160 January 16, 2004 Jerry L. Holmes The family wishes to express their sincere gratitude to all relatives and friends who were so kind and supportive during their recent loss. Special thanks to the entire community of Sandia Pueblo for all the love and support given to the Holmes family; to VistaCare Hospice Staff for the wonderful care given to Jerry; to those who sent floral tributes, cards, food and especially prayers. Your kindness will always be remembered. Funeral services were entrusted to: Alameda Mortuary 9420 4th Street NW 898-3160 Copyright c. 1997 - 2004 Albuquerque Journal: Albuquerque, New Mexico. -=-=-=- January 15, 2004 Elsie Lewis Sanostee June 10, 1914 - Jan. 13, 2004 Elsie Lewis, 89, of Sanostee, passed away Tuesday, Jan. 13, 2004, at Northern Navajo Medical Center in Shiprock. She was born June 10, 1914, in Sanostee. Services will be held at 10 a.m., Saturday, Jan. 17, 2004, at Christian Reformed Church in Sanostee. A viewing will be held after the services. Burial will be in the family cemetery in Sanostee. Arrangements are with Chapel of Memories Funeral Home of Kirtland, (505) 598-9636. January 17, 2004 Sarah Lapahie Largo Hogback June 29, 1939 - Jan. 14, 2004 Sarah Lapahie Largo, 64, of Hogback, went home to her Heavenly Father Wednesday, Jan. 14, 2004, in Denver, Colo. She was born June 29, 1939, at Sanostee. She is survived by her sons, Everette Largo and family and Lawrence Largo Jr. and family; her sisters, Lucy Begay and Annie Jack; one brother, Nelson Yazzie; and numerous nieces, nephews and grandchildren. She was preceded in death by her husband, "Larry" Lawrence Largo Sr.; father, Willie Lapahie; and mother, Cora Lapahie. Funeral services will be held at 10 a.m., Saturday, Jan. 17, 2004, at the Bethel Christian Reformed Church in Shiprock. Interment will follow at the Shiprock Community Cemetery. Pallbearers will be Everette Largo, Keith McDonald, Christopher Talk, Mario Evans, Jamie Begay and Roy Begay. Honorary pallbearers are Lawrence Largo Jr., Tommy Begay, Benjamin Begay, Nelson Yazzie, Annie Jack and Lucy Begay. The family has entrusted Brewer, Lee and Larkin Funeral Home of Shiprock with the arrangements, (505) 368-4607. Copyright c. 2004 Farmington Daily Times, a Gannett Co., Inc. newspaper. -=-=-=- January 14, 2004 Herbert James GANADO, Ariz. - Services for Herbert James, 93, will be 10 a.m., Thursday, Jan. 15 at Mary Mother of Mankind Catholic Church, St. Michaels, Ariz.. Father Gilbert will officiate. Burial will follow on family land, Burnside, Ariz. James died Jan. 12 in Flagstaff, Ariz. He was born June 23, 1911 in Ganado. James attended Albuquerque Indian School. He was a rancher and Range Rider. Survivors include his son, Kenneth James of Sheepsprings; brothers, Tommy James and Freddie Slivers both of Ganado; sisters, Jennie Baldwin of Sanders, Ariz., Roslyn Brown of Ganado and Rose Bates of St. Michaels; 11 grandchildren; and 25 great-grandchildren. James was preceded in death by his wife, Frances D. James; daughters, Alberta F. Roanhorse and Evangeline James; and parents, Jim James Slivers and Della Taliman. Pallbearers will be Jarrick Begay, Garrack Begay, Larrack Begay, Chuck Roanhorse, Matthew Begay and Michael James. Tse Bonito Mortuary is in charge of arrangements. January 15, 2004 Howard Fred Smith PHOENIX - Services for Howard Smith, 59, will be 10 a.m. Friday, Jan. 16 at Tse Bonito Mortuary. Burial will follow at Sunset Memorial Park. Smith died Jan. 9 in Portland, Ore. He was born Sept. 16, 1944 in Fort Defiance, Ariz. into the Red Bottom People Clan for the Bitter Water People Clan. Smith graduated from Riverside High School, Andarko, Okla. in 1967. He served in the U.S. Army for three years and was employed with the Union Pacific Railroad. His hobbies included reading Western novels. Survivors include his wife, Julia Smith of Sanders, Ariz.; sons, Duane Smith of Westminster, Colo. and Fermin Ray Smith of Phoenix; daughter, Sheila Nelson of Vanderwagen; brother, James Smith of Todelakai; sister, Charlotte King of Window Rock; and two grandchildren. Smith was preceded in death by his parents, Blhag B Cooke and Fred Smith; and brother, Notah Smith. Tse Bonito Mortuary is in charge of arrangements. Marletta Maestas ALBUQUERQUE - Services for Marletta Maestas, 47, will be 10 a.m., Friday, Jan. 16 at Rollie Mortuary Palm Chapel. Pastor Terri Goodin will officiate. Burial will follow at Gallup City Cemetery. Maestas died Jan. 10 in Albuquerque. She was born March 12, 1956 in Fort Defiance, Ariz. into the Saline Water People Clan for the His Leaf Under His Cover People Clan. Maestas was employed with the Lovelace Medical Center, Albuquerque. She graduated from high school in Salt Lake City, Utah. Survivors include her husband, Clayton Lee Maestas of Albuquerque; sons, Lari Shane Harvey, Joesph Lee Maestas and Leander Shawn Harvey all of Albuquerque; daughters, Shannon Harvey, Shauna Harvey and Katherine Marie Maestas all of Albuquerque; sister, Lucy Tom of Gallup; brother Michael Caroll of Los Angeles, Calif., and six grandchildren. Maestas was preceded in death by her father and mother Marie Bowman. Pallbearers will be LeAdrian Shaun Begaye, Lari Shane Harvey, Leander Shawn Harvey, Jonathan King, Darrell Brian Sloan, and Jesse Whitia. Rollie Mortuary is in charge of arrangements. Tom Joe Ashley Jr. WINDOW ROCK - Services for Tom Ashley Jr., 23, will be at 10 a.m., Friday, Jan. 16 at All Saints Mission, Ganado, Ariz. Father Flann O'Neil will officiate. Burial will follow at Ganado Community Cemetery. Ashley Jr. died Jan. 11 in Fort Defiance, Ariz. He was born Aug. 28, 1980 in Fort Defiance into the Bitter Water People Clan for the Red Running into Water People Clan. Ashley Jr. graduated from Window Rock High School in 1999 and attended Navajo Community College. His hobbies included collecting CD's, computers and surfing the Internet. Survivors include his parents, Nevelan Ross of Ganado and Tom Joe Ashley Sr. of Burntwater, Ariz.; brothers, Alex Ashley, Everette Martin, Tommy Ashley, Simon Ashley Clifford Ashley and Raymond Ashley all of Burntwater, Ariz.; sisters, Philomena Ross of Window Rock, Regina Begay of Beaumont, Calif., Alberta Green of Fort Defiance, Eva Ashley and Jackie Mann both of Burntwater. Pallbearers will be Cedric Williams, Travis Cooke, Glenn Begay, B.R. James, Sean Nez and Clifford Ashley. The family will receive friends and relatives after the burial services at All Saints Mission Hall, Ganado. January 15, 2004 Howard Fred Smith PHOENIX - Services for Howard Smith, 59, will be 10 a.m. Friday, Jan. 16 at Tse Bonito Mortuary. Burial will follow at Sunset Memorial Park. Smith died Jan. 9 in Portland, Ore. He was born Sept. 16, 1944 in Fort Defiance, Ariz. into the Red Bottom People Clan for the Bitter Water People Clan. Smith graduated from Riverside High School, Andarko, Okla. in 1967. He served in the U.S. Army for three years and was employed with the Union Pacific Railroad. His hobbies included reading Western novels. Survivors include his wife, Julia Smith of Sanders, Ariz.; sons, Duane Smith of Westminster, Colo. and Fermin Ray Smith of Phoenix; daughter, Sheila Nelson of Vanderwagen; brother, James Smith of Todelakai; sister, Charlotte King of Window Rock; and two grandchildren. Smith was preceded in death by his parents, Blhag B Cooke and Fred Smith; and brother, Notah Smith. Tse Bonito Mortuary is in charge of arrangements. Marletta Maestas ALBUQUERQUE - Services for Marletta Maestas, 47, will be 10 a.m., Friday, Jan. 16 at Rollie Mortuary Palm Chapel. Pastor Terri Goodin will officiate. Burial will follow at Gallup City Cemetery. Maestas died Jan. 10 in Albuquerque. She was born March 12, 1956 in Fort Defiance, Ariz. into the Saline Water People Clan for the His Leaf Under His Cover People Clan. Maestas was employed with the Lovelace Medical Center, Albuquerque. She graduated from high school in Salt Lake City, Utah. Survivors include her husband, Clayton Lee Maestas of Albuquerque; sons, Lari Shane Harvey, Joesph Lee Maestas and Leander Shawn Harvey all of Albuquerque; daughters, Shannon Harvey, Shauna Harvey and Katherine Marie Maestas all of Albuquerque; sister, Lucy Tom of Gallup; brother Michael Caroll of Los Angeles, Calif., and six grandchildren. Maestas was preceded in death by her father and mother Marie Bowman. Pallbearers will be LeAdrian Shaun Begaye, Lari Shane Harvey, Leander Shawn Harvey, Jonathan King, Darrell Brian Sloan, and Jesse Whitia. Rollie Mortuary is in charge of arrangements. Tom Joe Ashley Jr. WINDOW ROCK - Services for Tom Ashley Jr., 23, will be at 10 a.m., Friday, Jan. 16 at All Saints Mission, Ganado, Ariz. Father Flann O'Neil will officiate. Burial will follow at Ganado Community Cemetery. Ashley Jr. died Jan. 11 in Fort Defiance, Ariz. He was born Aug. 28, 1980 in Fort Defiance into the Bitter Water People Clan for the Red Running into Water People Clan. Ashley Jr. graduated from Window Rock High School in 1999 and attended Navajo Community College. His hobbies included collecting CD's, computers and surfing the Internet. Survivors include his parents, Nevelan Ross of Ganado and Tom Joe Ashley Sr. of Burntwater, Ariz.; brothers, Alex Ashley, Everette Martin, Tommy Ashley, Simon Ashley Clifford Ashley and Raymond Ashley all of Burntwater, Ariz.; sisters, Philomena Ross of Window Rock, Regina Begay of Beaumont, Calif., Alberta Green of Fort Defiance, Eva Ashley and Jackie Mann both of Burntwater. Pallbearers will be Cedric Williams, Travis Cooke, Glenn Begay, B.R. James, Sean Nez and Clifford Ashley. The family will receive friends and relatives after the burial services at All Saints Mission Hall, Ganado. January 17, 2004 Evelyn Begay LUPTON, Ariz. - Services for Evelyn Begay, 46, were 10 a.m. today at Cope Memorial Chapel. Father Cormac officiated. Burial followed at Gallup City Cemetery. Begay died Jan. 11 in Albuquerque. She was born March 6, 1957, in Lupton into the Towering House People Clan for the Water Edge People Clan. Begay attended Sanders Unified District. She was a homemaker. Her hobbies included crocheting, weaving, listening to music and volleyball. Survivors include her sons, Elvin Jay Benny and Nikko Begay of Lupton; mother, Carrie M. Yazzie of Lupton; brother, James Begay of Vanderwagen; and sisters, Caroline Denetclaw, Carolyn Begay and Sarah B. Loy all of Lupton. Begay was preceded in death by her father, Claude Begay; brothers, Jones Begay Sr. and Evan Begay; and sister, Nora Begay. Pallbearers were James Begay, Preston Denetclaw, Dewayne Lee, Edward Begay, Leo Green and Albert Yazzie. The family will receive friends and relatives after the burial services at Lupton Chapter House. Cope Memorial Chapel is in charge of arrangements. January 19, 2004 Tom Garcia Harvey MANY FARMS, Ariz. - Services for Tom Harvey, 77, will be 10 a.m. Tuesday, Jan. 20, at Redridge Friends Church. Burial will follow at private family cemetery, Redridge. Harvey died Jan. 16 in Chinle. He was born Oct. 10, 1926, in Rough Rock, Ariz., into the Red Bottom People Clan for the Salt People Clan. Survivors include his wife, Nanabah Harvey of Many Farms; sons, Gary Harvey Sr. of Whiteriver, Ariz., and Harry Harvey Sr. of Gallup; daughters, Lucy Ayze of Chinle, Ariz., Marie Harvey of Rough Rock, Betty Stewart of Indian Wells, Ariz., Della Ayze, Anita Bitsui, Allison Harvey, Evangeline Harvey, Loretta Harvey, Lorene Thomas, Doris Tsinijinnie and Sarah Uentillie all of Many Farms; sisters, Grace Begay and Daisy Chee both of Rough Rock; 57 grandchildren; and 44 great-grandchildren. Harvey was preceded in death by his parents, Mary and John Harvey; and brothers, Carl Harvey, Joe Harvey, Kee Harvey and Lee Harvey. Rollie Mortuary is in charge of arrangements. Copyright c. 2004 the Gallup Independent. -=-=-=- January 14, 2004 Elvira Jean Kauakahi Blackwater Elvira Jean Kauakahi Blackwater, 71, of Scottsdale, AZ passed away on Friday, January 9, 2004 in Scottsdale. She was born January 23, 1932 in Salt River, AZ. She is survived by one sister, Rena Gibson; six children, Frances Kauakahi, Clifford Kauakahi, Linda Kauakahi, Dianna Washington, Sandy Kauakahi, Marco Kauakahi, and Darren Washington (son-in-law); seven grandchildren, Maria Vallez, Marissa Vallez, Kasey Kauakahi, Samantha Kaua-kahi, Heather Washington, Holly Washington and Dean Washington; and four great-grandchildren, Darreian Hayes, Ezarie Hayes, Daniel Martinez and Chloe Colbert. Visitation will be Friday, January 16, 2004 at 6:00 P.M., Salt River Memorial Hall, 9849 E. Earll, Scottsdale, AZ. Funeral Service will be Saturday, January 17, 2004 at 9:00 A.M., Salt River Presbyterian Church, Scottsdale, AZ. Copyright c. 2004 The Arizona Republic. -=-=-=- January 13, 2004 Arthur C. Brown Arthur C. Brown, 94, died Jan. 9, 2004, in Winslow. He was born Jan. 12, 1909, in the upper Greaswood area and attended Fort Wingate Indian School. Mr. Brown lived the majority of his life in Arizona but left in 1942, right after marrying his wife, Nora Dene Yazzie, to serve in the Marine Corps during World War II as a "Code Talker." Mr. Brown remained in the Pacific until the end of the war and was awarded the silver "Code Talkers" medal for his contributions to the Allied effort. After retiring to Arizona, he found his vocation as a carpenter in the White Cone area. Mr. Brown gave much of himself to his friends, rarely asking retribution, which is just one of the qualities he passed on to his friends and family. Mr. Brown is survived by his wife, Nora, of White Cone; children Maryann Dickson of Fruitland, Albert C. Brown of Albuquerque, N.M., Marie of Albuquerque, N.M., Arthur C. Brown Jr. of Phoenix, Susie Reynolds of Phoenix, Bessie Chare of Idaho, Paul C. Brown of Holbrook, Felix C. Brown of White Cone and Michael C. Brown of White Cone; and a number of grandchildren and great-grandchildren. He was preceded in death by sons Alfred and Alex "Tosie" Brown. Holy Rosary and Mass of Christian burial will be recited and celebrated today at 10 a.m., at St. Joseph's Catholic Church, 220 W. Second St., Winslow. Interment will be in Desert View Cemetery. Arrangements are by Greer's Mortuary of Winslow. Allen Begay Allen Begay, 68, died Jan. 11, 2004, at Winslow Campus Care. He was born March 8, 1935, in Hardrock, Ariz., to Tse Cody and Annette Begay. Mr. Begay worked for the Santa Fe Railroad until he retired in 1981. He is survived by his wife, Lorraine Vaughn Begay; sons Sevier Begay of Winslow, Gary Begay of Window Rock, Larry Begay of Winslow, Loren Begay of Leupp, Nathaniel Begay of Winslow and Garrikson Begay of Phoenix; daughters Marlinda Huma of Polacca and Sandra Begay of Winslow; and brother Russell Begay of Pinon. Graveside service is today, Tuesday, at 2 p.m. at the Hardrock Cemetery. Arrangements are by Greer's Mortuary of Winslow. January 15, 2004 Arthur C. Yazzie Arthur C. Yazzie, 82, of Birdsprings, died Jan. 8, 2004, at the V.A. Medical Center in Prescott. He was born July 2, 1921, in Dilkon to Charlie and Ella Hoskie Yazzie. He served in the U.S. Army during World War II as part of Troop E, 85th Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron. He was awarded the European-African- Middle Eastern Theatre Ribbon, 3 Battle Star combat infantry badge and a Good Conduct medal. He is survived by his wife, Eva Lee Yazzie; son, Samuel Yazzie of Tuba City; daughter, Irene Wilson of Birdsprings; brother, Jimmy Yazzie of Dilkon; and sister, Stella Nelson of Dilkon. Funeral services will be Friday at 10 a.m. at the Marantha Assembly of God located on the corner of Fleming and Alfred in Winslow. Pastor Henry Chase is officiating. Interment will be at Desert View Cemetery. Arrangements are by Greer's Mortuary of Winslow. January 16, 2004 Gilbert Begay Gilbert Begay, 39, died Sunday, Jan. 11, 2004, in Polacca. Mr. Begay was born April 22, 1964, in Shiprock, N.M. Mr. Begay is survived by his wife, Karen Joy Nez; sons Roman, Romon, Romondo and Rolando Begay; mother Pauline Tso Begay; brothers Dale, Wayne, Raymond and Thomas Begay Sr.; sisters Daisy and Anita Nez; and many aunts, uncles, cousins nieces and nephews. He was preceded in death by his father. Services for Mr. Begay will be today at 10 a.m. at the Whitecone United Methodist Church in White Cone, with pastor Guy B. Nez Jr. officiating. Interment will be at the family plot in White Cone. Arrangements are under the care of Greer's Mortuary of Winslow. Copyright c. 2000-2004 Arizona Daily Sun. -=-=-=- January 18, 2004 Robert Fernley Wills Vancouver, WA To celebrate the life of Robert Wills, a memorial service will be held at 1PM on Wednesday, January 21, 2004 at Harvest Community Church in Camas, WA. Robert F. Wills died Jan. 13, 2004 at the age of 46 following a brief battle with leukemia. He was born Aug. 2, 1957 in Portland, OR. Bob's favorite activities included fishing, camping, collecting guns and state flags. He was an avid wrestling fan. He enjoyed several lasting Internet friendships where he was known as Wish or Wishmaker. One of the joys of his life was spending time with his daughters and 3 grandsons. Bob was very proud of his Chippewa Native American heritage. Survivors include two daughters, Michelle Wills of LaCenter, WA; Crystal Wills of Lompoc, CA; mother Joan Malmberg of Vancouver, WA; sister Paula Kennedy of Camas, WA; three brothers, Jason and Lance Malmberg of Vancouver, WA; Bill Wills of Molalla, OR; Aunt Doe ; cousin Earl Garrett of Vancouver, WA; grandchildren Zachary age 2 yr.; Tyler age 3 mos.; Dakota age 8 mos.; and Special best friend Nina Barnes. He was preceded in death by his father, Albert Lee Fernley Wills. Memorial contributions may be made to the American Red Cross. Copyright c. 2004 The Columbian Publishing Co., Vancouver, WA. -=-=-=- January 14, 2004 Wilford Neaman OGDEN, Utah - Wilford Neaman, 74, of Fort Hall died Jan. 10, 2004, at Washington Terrace Health Service in Ogden, Utah. Traditional burial services will be Wednesday, Jan. 14 at 1 p.m., and burial will be in the Cedar Cemetery in Fort Hall. Family and friends may visit at his residence on Cemetery Road, off Philbin Road. All funeral arrangements are family directed. A complete obituary will appear in a future edition of the Idaho State Journal. Copyright c. 2004 Pocatella Idaho State Journal. -=-=-=- January 13, 2004 Naomi (Types) Moctelme DeSmet, Idaho Funeral for Naomi Elizabeth (Types) Moctelme, 78, was held at Faith Tabernacle Church in Lewiston. Burial was at Arrow Junction Cemetery in Juliaetta, Idaho. Mrs. Moctelme died Jan. 5. She was born in Lapwai, Idaho, and attended schools there. In 1975 she married Christopher Moctelme, and the couple made their home near DeSmet. She was a homemaker. Mrs. Moctelme was a member of the Nez Perce Tribe and attended Faith Tabernacle Church in Lewiston. Survivors include her husband; a sister, Audrey Types of Lewiston; a brother, Virgil Types of Lapwai, Idaho; five grandchildren and 11 great- -grandchildren. -- Spokane, Wash., Coeur d'Alene, Idaho and the Inland Northwest Copyright c. 2004, The Spokesman-Review. -=-=-=- January 14, 2004 Eleanora McKay WOLF POINT - Eleanora (Comes Last) McKay, whose Native American name was Toka Icu Winyan, or "Takes the Enemy," 65, of Poplar, died of cancer Saturday at a Wolf Point hospital. Her funeral is 10 a.m. today at Poplar Cultural Center, with burial in Box Elder Cemetery. Clayton Stevenson Memorial Chapel of Poplar is in charge of arrangements. Condolences may be sent to the family at www. stevensonandsons.com. Survivors include sons Charles Four Bear, Dale Four Bear, Cornell Four Bear and Delvin Four Bear; daughters Rena Williams and Noreen Figueroa; an adopted son, Alex Trotier; adopted daughters Gay Paulson, Sonja Garfield, June Greybull, Marva Young Bear, Susan Brunelle, Patricia Iron Cloud and Orian Baker; her mother, Rena Comes Last; brothers Daniel Comes Last Jr. and Leroy Comes Last; adopted brothers Alvin Windy Boy, Jonathan Windy Boy, Adrian Ireland, Cleveland Holy Elk Boy, Mike Peney and Ray Eder; adopted sisters Diane Martin, Sandra Birthmark, Nellie Youpee, Darlene Gray, Beverly Bellegard and Jan Bellegard; numerous grandchildren and two great- grandchildren. Copyright c. 2004 Great Falls Tribune, a division of Lee Enterprises. -=-=-=- January 15, 2004 Loren Adams, 14 Anchorage Lifelong Alaskan Loren Adams, 14, died Dec. 27, 2003, at Alaska Native Medical Center. He had been hospitalized twice since Thanksgiving and died of natural causes. A service to celebrate Loren's life will be at 2 p.m. Jan. 25 at 616 W. 10th Ave. Loren was born March 20, 1989, in Anchorage. He attended Dimond High School's special education program. Previously, he attended Mears Middle School and Denali Elementary School. "He was a fun-loving boy who loved to laugh and smile. He touched the lives of everyone he came in contact with in a special way," his foster family wrote. They added that he will be missed. For the past year and a half, he has lived with his foster family, Todd, Janice and their children, Sarah and Scott, Heverling of Anchorage. Previous foster families were Perry and Ella Glennof of Anchorage and Bobbie Grimstad of Palmer. He will also be missed by his family from the ARC of Anchorage. Staff there have worked with him for many years. Loren is survived by his mother, Rhoda Johnson; and brothers and sisters, all of Noorvik. Memorial donations may be made to Wish Upon A North Star, 2320 Maplewood St., Anchorage 99508. January 16, 2004 Shelly Farmer, 39 Anchorage Anchorage resident Rochelle M. "Shelly" Farmer, 39, died Jan. 9, 2004, at Alaska Native Medical Center, surrounded by her family and friends, after a lengthy illness. A funeral will be at 10 a.m. today at Holy Family Cathedral. A potluck will follow. Ms. Farmer was born May 11, 1964, in Sault Ste. Marie, Mich. She moved with her mother to Alaska in 1971. She earned her GED and attended CINA classes in secretarial skills. She also graduated from ACS computer school. She worked at 1st National Bank as a teller and later worked for Kelly Girls. Her family wrote: "Shelly was fun loving and enjoyed camping, fishing, berry picking and people. She did sewing and beading crafts. "Shelly enjoyed being around family and friends, especially her daughters, whom she loved very much. She was there for anyone in need. She enjoyed giving gifts and reached out to people with a smile and a departing 'Love you.' She will be remembered by all who knew and loved her." She is survived by her fiance, Ray Ramirez and his daughter, Ruby; daughters, Areanne Farmer and Crystal Palmer, both of Anchorage; mother, Anna Farmer of Anchorage; father, Louis Major; half brother, Louis Jr.; half sisters, Amy and Holly, all of Michigan; uncles, Richard Patsey of Virginia and Leroy Patsey of Anchorage; aunts, Edith Nicholas and Angela Patsey; uncle and aunt, Justin and Marianne Patsey; and grandmother, Rita Esmailka, all of Nulato; and many nieces, nephews and cousins. Bob Arnold, 71 Washington, D.C. A former Alaskan engaged in Alaska Native and land issues until the 1990s, Robert D. "Bob" Arnold died Jan. 11, 2004, at his home in Olympia, Wash. No service is planned. Mr. Arnold was born June 11, 1932, in Guthrie, Okla. He was an Alaska resident from 1961 to 1987. Mr. Arnold was the principal author of a 1974 book, "Alaska Native Land Claims," but his writings and activities related to Native issues reached back to 1968. He was a deputy commissioner of the Alaska Department of Natural Resources, and before that, he had been a senior manager with the Bureau of Land Management. His earlier service with the state had been as executive director of the Alaska Centennial Commission and executive director of the Alaska Educational Broadcasting Commission. In the early 1970s, he had been a member of the Anchorage School Board, and served on a number of civic commissions. In 1987, he moved to Washington, D.C., where he was on the staff of the U.S. Senate Committee on Indian Affairs and a director of a research institute at George Washington University. He moved to Olympia after retiring in 1996. Mr. Arnold is survived by his wife, Ann, of Olympia; daughters, Catherine of Waianae, Hawaii; Elizabeth of Anchorage; Susan Dolan of Bend, Ore.; Mary of Olympia; sons, Matthew of Las Vegas, and John of Eugene, Ore.; seven grandchildren; and sister, Joyce Munson of Anchorage. Arrangements were by Funeral Alternatives of Washington. Copyright c. 2004 The Anchorage Daily News. -=-=-=- January 14, 2004 Edward David 'Eddie' Jamestown Edward David "Eddie" Jamestown, 76, died Dec. 5, 2003, in Seattle. He was born Jan. 20, 1927, in Killisnoo to Alec Johnson (Teex'nei) and Alice Zuboff (Shk'uhaali). His mother died when he was an infant, so he was raised by his maternal grandparents, Moses (Geiskeidl) and Mary (Kaashdaa.at) Jamestown. He was from the Killerwhale Chasing Seal House in Angoon of the Dakl'aweid?Killerwhale Clan), and his Tlingit name was Yeinatax'w. He was a Deisheetaan yadi (a child of the Basket Bay Beaver Clan) and a Shangookeid - achxan (grandchild of the Wolf Clan from Klawock). He moved to Seattle many years ago but remained active in commercial fishing. He fished for many years with the late Joe Bennett Sr. of Juneau and his family on the Arline and the Cherokee Maid. He was the last fluent male Tlingit speaker of his housegroup. He was preceded in death by his wife, Irene. He is survived by many first cousins, including Alice D'Cafango and Victor Jamestown of Juneau, Eli Jamestown of Angoon and Ruth Willard and Pat Marvin of Anchorage. He is also survived by Keet Naa Tlaa (Killerwhale Clan Mother), Margaret Abbott. Copyright c. 1997-2004 Juneau Empire/Morris Communications Corporation. -=-=-=- January 14, 2004 Lucy Kenny KENNY (NEE CHAPICAN) - Lucy of Ochapowace First Nation, age 85, went home to be with the Lord, with her family at her side on Monday, January 12, 2004. Lucy was born on Piapot First Nation, SK on July 12, 1918. Predeceased by her husband, Kenneth; father, Gilbert Chapican; mother, Annie Chapican (nee Toto); sisters, Nancy Louison and Maggie Chapican; sons in law, Leonard Jack and Steven Wascase; 3 grandchildren, Jeff, Trevor and Harvey and 1 great grandson. Lucy is survived by her sons, Leo (Marlene) Kenny of Ochapowace, Louis (Beverly) Kenny of Ochapowace, Phillip of Regina; daughters, Pearl Jack of C.T.K., Marjorie Kenny of Ochapowace, Mary (Ellis) Ramstead of Broadview, Bernice Kenny of Ochapowace and Yvonne (George) Cyr of Regina; 33 grandchildren, 67 great grandchildren, 18 great great grandchildren and numerous nieces and nephews. A Wake will be held at 4:00 P.M., Wednesday, January 14, 2004 with Funeral Service at 1:00 P.M., Thursday, January 15, 2004, both wake and service at Kakisiwew School, Ochapowace First Nation. Interment will follow in Ochapowace Cemetery, Ochapowace First Nation. Paragon Funeral Services entrusted with arrangements. 359-7776 Copyright c. 2000-2004 Regina Leader Post Group Inc.